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		<title>2010 Earthquake in Haiti</title>
		<link>http://www.joelbomane.com/2010-earthquake-haiti/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Jan 2010 14:04:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Joel Bomane</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[1. History]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Ban Ki-moon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Caribbean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cuba]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dominican Republic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earthquake]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Haiti]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[HAITI NEEDS YOUR HELP!
Thanks to my friend Linda Forsythe (Official Page) 
Here is a List of Charities:
Action Against Hunger



American Red Cross


American Jewish World Service


AmeriCares


Beyond Borders


CARE


Catholic Relief Services


Childcare Worldwide


Direct Relief International


Doctors Without Borders


Feed My Starving Children


Friends of WFP


Haitian Health Foundation


Hope for Haiti


International Medical Corps 


International Relief Teams 


Medical Teams International


Meds and Food for Kids 


Mercy Corps


Operation [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);"><strong>HAITI NEEDS YOUR HELP!</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Thanks </strong>to my friend<a href="http://www.myspace.com/mentorsmagazine"> Linda Forsythe (Official Page) </a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://blogs.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.view&amp;friendId=9915766&amp;blogId=525705923" target="_blank">Here is a List of Charities</a>:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmFjdGlvbmFnYWluc3RodW5nZXIub3JnL3doZXJlLXdlLXdvcmsvaGFpdGk="><u><font color="#0066cc">Action Against Hunger</font></u></a></p>
<div class="blogContent" id="pBlogBody_525705923">
<ul>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LnJlZGNyb3NzLm9yZy8="><u><font color="#0066cc">American Red Cross</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vYWp3cy5vcmcv"><u><font color="#0066cc">American Jewish World Service</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmFtZXJpY2FyZXMub3JnL25ld3Nyb29tL25ld3MvZGVhZGx5LWVhcnRocXVha2Utc3RyaWtlcy1oYWl0aS0yMDEwLmh0bWw="><u><font color="#0066cc">AmeriCares</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmJleW9uZGJvcmRlcnMubmV0L2luZGV4LnBocA=="><u><font color="#0066cc">Beyond Borders</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmNhcmUub3JnLw=="><u><font color="#0066cc">CARE</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vY3JzLm9yZy8="><u><font color="#0066cc">Catholic Relief Services</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmNoaWxkY2FyZXdvcmxkd2lkZS5vcmcv"><u><font color="#0066cc">Childcare Worldwide</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmRpcmVjdHJlbGllZi5vcmcvRW1lcmdlbmN5UmVzcG9uc2UvMjAxMC9FYXJ0aHF1YWtlSGFpdGkuYXNweA=="><u><font color="#0066cc">Direct Relief International</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vZG9jdG9yc3dpdGhvdXRib3JkZXJzLm9yZy9uZXdzL2FsbGNvbnRlbnQuY2ZtP2lkPTMx"><u><font color="#0066cc">Doctors Without Borders</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmZtc2Mub3JnL1BhZ2UuYXNweD9waWQ9Mzk4"><u><font color="#0066cc">Feed My Starving Children</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmZyaWVuZHNvZndmcC5vcmcvc2l0ZS9jLmhyS0pJWFBGSXFFL2IuNTAyNjk3Ny9rLjM0QTIvRW1lcmdlbmN5X1JlbGllZl9hbmRfUmVzcG9uc2UuaHRt"><u><font color="#0066cc">Friends of WFP</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmhhaXRpYW5oZWFsdGhmb3VuZGF0aW9uLm9yZy8="><u><font color="#0066cc">Haitian Health Foundation</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmhvcGVmb3JoYWl0aS5jb20v"><u><font color="#0066cc">Hope for Haiti</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmltY3dvcmxkd2lkZS5vcmcvUGFnZS5hc3B4P3BpZD0xODM="><u><font color="#0066cc">International Medical Corps </font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmlydGVhbXMub3JnL2luZGV4Lmh0bQ=="><u><font color="#0066cc">International Relief Teams </font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3Lm1lZGljYWx0ZWFtcy5vcmcvc2YvSG9tZS5hc3B4"><u><font color="#0066cc">Medical Teams International</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vbWZraGFpdGkub3JnLw=="><u><font color="#0066cc">Meds and Food for Kids </font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3Lm1lcmN5Y29ycHMub3JnLw=="><u><font color="#0066cc">Mercy Corps</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3Lm9wdXNhLm9yZy8="><u><font color="#0066cc">Operation USA </font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3Lm94ZmFtLm9yZy8="><u><font color="#0066cc">Oxfam</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LnBpaC5vcmcvaG9tZS5odG1s"><u><font color="#0066cc">Partners in Health</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNhbWFyaXRhbnNwdXJzZS5vcmcv"><u><font color="#0066cc">Samaritan&#8217;s Purse</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNhdmV0aGVjaGlsZHJlbi5vcmcv"><u><font color="#0066cc">Save the Children</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LnVuaWNlZnVzYS5vcmcvaGFpdGlxdWFrZQ=="><u><font color="#0066cc">UNICEF</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LndvcmxkY29uY2Vybi5vcmcv"><u><font color="#0066cc">World Concern</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LndvcmxkdmlzaW9uLm9yZy8="><u><font color="#0066cc">World Vision</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.msplinks.com/MDFodHRwOi8vd3d3LnllbGUub3JnLw=="><u><font color="#0066cc">Yele Haiti</font></u></a></div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;">
    Wyclef Jean&#8217;s grassroots org</div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;">Text Yele to 501 501 to donate $5 via your cellphone</div>
</li>
<li class="textBodyBlack">
<div style="text-align: center;">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p align="center"><script src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/w/extensions/UsabilityInitiative/js/plugins.combined.min.js?68" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/w/extensions/UsabilityInitiative/CollapsibleTabs/CollapsibleTabs.js?9" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/w/extensions/UsabilityInitiative/ClickTracking/ClickTracking.js?4" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/centralnotice/wikipedia/en/centralnotice.js?257z2" type="text/javascript"></script></p>
<div id="globalWrapper">
<div id="column-content">
<div id="content">
<div id="bodyContent">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="0" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: left; float: right; width: 20em;" class="infobox borderless vevent">
<caption style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;"><strong><span class="summary"><big>2010 Haiti<br />
    earthquake</big></span></strong></p>
<p><strong>From Wikipedia&reg;</strong></p>
</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haitian_national_palace_earthquake.jpg" class="image"><img height="160" width="240" alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Haitian_national_palace_earthquake.jpg/240px-Haitian_national_palace_earthquake.jpg" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="2">
<div style="width: 252px; float: right; clear: right;">
<div style="padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 250px;">
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haiti_locator_map.svg" title="2010 Haiti earthquake (Haiti)" class="image"><img height="194" width="250" alt="2010 Haiti earthquake (Haiti)" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Haiti_locator_map.svg/250px-Haiti_locator_map.svg.png" /></a></p>
<div style="margin: 0pt; padding: 0pt; position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 74.6%; left: 64.5%; height: 0pt; width: 0pt;">
<div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -20px; top: -20px; width: 40px; font-size: 40px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bullseye1.png" title="2010 Haiti earthquake" class="image"><img height="40" width="40" alt="2010 Haiti earthquake" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/40px-Bullseye1.png" /></a></div>
</p></div>
<div style="margin: 0pt; padding: 0pt; position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 71.7%; left: 70.8%; height: 0pt; width: 0pt;">
<div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -5px; top: -5px; width: 10px; font-size: 10px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_pog.svg" title="Port-au-Prince" class="image"><img height="10" width="10" alt="Port-au-Prince" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" /></a></div>
<div style="font-size: 99%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; width: 6em; top: -20px; left: 0.626646em; text-align: left;"><span style="padding: 1px;"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a></strong></span></div>
</p></div>
<div style="margin: 0pt; padding: 0pt; position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 83.6%; left: 64.6%; height: 0pt; width: 0pt;">
<div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Black_pog.svg" title="Jacmel" class="image"><img height="8" width="8" alt="Jacmel" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" /></a></div>
<div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; width: 6em; top: -3px; left: -3em; text-align: center;"><span style="padding: 1px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacmel" title="Jacmel">Jacmel</a></span></div>
</p></div>
<div style="margin: 0pt; padding: 0pt; position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 75.7%; left: 54.1%; height: 0pt; width: 0pt;">
<div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Black_pog.svg" title="Petit-Go&acirc;ve" class="image"><img height="8" width="8" alt="Petit-Go&acirc;ve" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" /></a></div>
<div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; width: 6em; top: -17px; left: -6.47947em; text-align: right;"><span style="padding: 1px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petit-Go%C3%A2ve" title="Petit-Go&acirc;ve">Petit-</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petit-Go%C3%A2ve" title="Petit-Go&acirc;ve"> Go&acirc;ve</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>            </span></div>
</p></div>
<div style="margin: 0pt; padding: 0pt; position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 48.2%; left: 59.3%; height: 0pt; width: 0pt;">
<div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Black_pog.svg" title="Saint-Marc" class="image"><img height="8" width="8" alt="Saint-Marc" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" /></a></div>
<div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; width: 6em; top: -17px; left: -6.47947em; text-align: right;"><span style="padding: 1px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Marc" title="Saint-Marc">Saint-Marc</a></span></div>
</p></div>
</p></div>
</p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">The damaged National Palace (top),</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Quake epicenter (bottom)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>
<p>16:53:10, 12 January 2010 (&minus;05:00)<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart updated">2010-01-12T16:53:10&minus;05:00</span>)</span></p>
<p>21:53:10, 12 January 2010 (UTC)<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart updated">2010-01-12T21:53:10Z</span>)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="note">
<th>Magnitude</th>
<td>7.0 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">M<sub>w</sub></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="note">
<td><strong>Depth</strong></td>
<td>13 kilometres (8.1 mi)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Epicenter location</strong></td>
<td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a href="http://stable.toolserver.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=2010_Haiti_earthquake&amp;params=18.457_N_72.533_W_" rel="nofollow" class="external text"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location" class="geo-dms"><span class="latitude">18&deg;27&prime;25&Prime;N</span> <span class="longitude">72&deg;31&prime;59&Prime;W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">﻿ / ﻿</span><span class="geo-default"><span title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location" class="geo-dec">18.457&deg;N 72.533&deg;W</span><span style="display: none;">﻿ / <span class="geo">18.457; -72.533</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a href="http://stable.toolserver.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=2010_Haiti_earthquake&amp;params=18.457_N_72.533_W_" rel="nofollow" class="external text"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location" class="geo-dms"><span class="latitude">18&deg;27&prime;25&Prime;N</span> <span class="longitude">72&deg;31&prime;59&Prime;W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">﻿ / ﻿</span><span class="geo-default"><span title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location" class="geo-dec">18.457&deg;N 72.533&deg;W</span><span style="display: none;">﻿ / <span class="geo">18.457; -72.533</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Countries/</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>regions affected</p>
</th>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Max. intensity</strong></td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" title="Mercalli intensity scale">MM</a> X<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pager2010rja6_0-0"><a href="#cite_note-pager2010rja6-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Casualties</strong></td>
<td>
<p>Confirmed &#8216;burials&#8217; &#8211; 70,000 (Haitian government)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Estimated deaths up to 200,000 (Haitian government)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reutersfirst_2-0"><a href="#cite_note-reutersfirst-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The <strong>2010 Haiti earthquake</strong> was a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster" title="Disaster">catastrophic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">magnitude 7.0 M<sub>w</sub></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicenter" title="Epicenter">epicentre</a> near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9og%C3%A2ne" title="L&eacute;og&acirc;ne">L&eacute;og&acirc;ne</a>, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, the capital of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, striking at 16:53:10 local time (21:53:10 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-USGS_Haiti_3-0"><a href="#cite_note-USGS_Haiti-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-abc1_4-0"><a href="#cite_note-abc1-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> The earthquake occurred at a depth of 13 kilometres (8.1 mi). The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> recorded a series of at least 33 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershock" title="Aftershock">aftershocks</a>, fourteen of them between magnitudes 5.0 and 5.9.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Red_Cross" title="International Red Cross" class="mw-redirect">International Red Cross</a> estimated that about three million people were affected by the quake,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cbsnews1_6-0"><a href="#cite_note-cbsnews1-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> and the Haitian Interior Minister believes that up to 200,000 have died as a result of the disaster,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reutersfirst_2-1"><a href="#cite_note-reutersfirst-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> exceeding earlier Red Cross estimates of 45,000&ndash;50,000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbcfirst_7-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbcfirst-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Several prominent public figures are among the dead. The Haitian Prime Minister <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Max_Bellerive" title="Jean-Max Bellerive">Jean-Max Bellerive</a> announced that over 70,000 bodies have been buried in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_grave" title="Mass grave">mass graves</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>The earthquake caused major damage to Port-au-Prince. Most major landmarks were significantly damaged or destroyed, including the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Palace_%28Haiti%29" title="National Palace (Haiti)">Presidential Palace</a> (President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pr%C3%A9val" title="Ren&eacute; Pr&eacute;val">Ren&eacute; Pr&eacute;val</a> survived), the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Haiti" title="National Assembly of Haiti">National Assembly</a> building, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port-au-Prince_Cathedral" title="Port-au-Prince Cathedral">Port-au-Prince Cathedral</a>, and the main jail.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-catholic_9-0"><a href="#cite_note-catholic-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-smh_10-0"><a href="#cite_note-smh-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wp_11-0"><a href="#cite_note-wp-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> To compound the tragedy, most hospitals in the area were destroyed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-talkingpoints_12-0"><a href="#cite_note-talkingpoints-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) reported that the headquarters of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Stabilization_Mission_in_Haiti" title="United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti">United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti</a> (MINUSTAH), located in the capital, had collapsed and that the Mission&#8217;s Chief, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9di_Annabi" title="H&eacute;di Annabi">H&eacute;di Annabi</a>, his deputy, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Carlos_da_Costa" title="Luiz Carlos da Costa">Luiz Carlos da Costa</a>, and the acting police commissioner were confirmed dead.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-unbriefing_13-0"><a href="#cite_note-unbriefing-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc16012010_14-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc16012010-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> Elisabeth Byrs of the UN called it the worst disaster the United Nations has experienced because the organizational structures of the UN in Haiti and the Haitian government were destroyed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-survivers_16-0"><a href="#cite_note-survivers-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
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<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Geology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Infrastructure_damage"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Infrastructure damage</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Conditions_in_the_aftermath"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Conditions in the aftermath</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Casualties"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Casualties</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Response"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Response</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Rescue_action"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Rescue action</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Recovery"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Recovery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h2>
<p>The island of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a>, shared by Haiti and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, is seismically active and has experienced significantly destructive tremors in the past. An earthquake struck in 1751, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1770_Port-au-Prince_earthquake" title="1770 Port-au-Prince earthquake">another in 1770</a> while the island was under French control. According to French historian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Louis_%C3%89lie_Moreau_de_Saint-M%C3%A9ry" title="M&eacute;d&eacute;ric Louis &Eacute;lie Moreau de Saint-M&eacute;ry">Moreau de Saint-M&eacute;ry</a> (1750&ndash;1819), &quot;only one masonry building had not collapsed&quot; in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a> following the 18 October 1751 earthquake, but &quot;the whole city collapsed&quot; during the earthquake of 3 June 1770. Another earthquake destroyed the city of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap-Ha%C3%AFtien" title="Cap-Ha&iuml;tien">Cap-Ha&iuml;tien</a> and other towns in the northern part of Haiti and the Dominican Republic on 7 May 1842.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1946, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946_Dominican_Republic_earthquake" title="1946 Dominican Republic earthquake">a magnitude-8.0 earthquake</a> struck the Dominican Republic and also shook Haiti, producing a tsunami that killed 1,790 people and injured many others.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>A 2006 earthquake hazard study by C. DeMets and M. Wiggins-Grandison noted that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enriquillo-Plantain_Garden_fault_zone" title="Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone">Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone</a> could be at the end of its seismic cycle and forecast a worst-case scenario of a magnitude 7.2 earthquake, similar in size to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1692_Jamaica_earthquake" title="1692 Jamaica earthquake">1692 Jamaica earthquake</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DeMets_19-0"><a href="#cite_note-DeMets-19"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> Paul Mann and a group including the 2006 study team presented a hazard assessment of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system to the 18th Caribbean Geologic Conference in March 2008, noting the large strain (overall equivalent to a 7.2 M<sub>w</sub> earthquake); the team recommended &quot;high priority&quot; historical geologic rupture studies, as the fault was fully locked and had recorded few earthquakes in the preceding 40 years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18cgc_20-0"><a href="#cite_note-18cgc-20"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> An article published in Haiti&#8217;s <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Matin_%28Haiti%29" title="Le Matin (Haiti)">Le Matin</a></em> newspaper in September 2008 cited comments by geologist Patrick Charles to the effect that there was a high risk of major seismic activity in Port-au-Prince.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Haiti is the poorest country in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> ranked 149th of 182 countries on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> The Australian government&#8217;s travel advisory site expressed concerns that Haitian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_services" title="Emergency services" class="mw-redirect">emergency services</a> would be unable to cope in the event of a major disaster;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> and the country is considered &quot;economically vulnerable&quot; by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> The country is no stranger to natural disasters: it has been struck by multiple hurricanes, causing flooding and widespread damage, most recently in 2008 from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Fay_%282008%29" title="Tropical Storm Fay (2008)">Tropical Storm Fay</a>, Hurricanes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Gustav" title="Hurricane Gustav">Gustav</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Hanna_%282008%29" title="Hurricane Hanna (2008)">Hanna</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Ike" title="Hurricane Ike">Ike</a>, resulting in 800 deaths.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geology">Geology</span></h2>
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<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2010_haiti_shake_map.jpg" class="image"><img height="248" width="200" alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/2010_haiti_shake_map.jpg/200px-2010_haiti_shake_map.jpg" class="thumbimage" /></a></p>
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<div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2010_haiti_shake_map.jpg" title="Enlarge" class="internal"><img height="11" width="15" alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" /></a></div>
<p>USGS intensity map.</p>
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<p>The earthquake occurred inland, on 12 January 2010, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) WSW from Port-au-Prince at a depth of 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) at 16:53 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC-5" title="UTC-5">UTC-5</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-USGS_Haiti_3-1"><a href="#cite_note-USGS_Haiti-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enriquillo-Plantain_Garden_fault_zone" title="Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone">Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> Strong shaking with intensity VII&ndash;IX on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Modified Mercalli scale</a> (MM) was recorded in Port-au-Prince and its suburbs. It was also felt in several surrounding countries and regions, including Cuba (MM III in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo,_Cuba" title="Guant&aacute;namo, Cuba" class="mw-redirect">Guant&aacute;namo</a>), Jamaica (MM II in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a>), Venezuela (MM II in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>), Puerto Rico (MM II&ndash;III in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a>), and the bordering country of the Dominican Republic (MM III in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Dominican_Republic" title="Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic" class="mw-redirect">Santo Domingo</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pager2010rja6_0-1"><a href="#cite_note-pager2010rja6-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Tsunami_Warning_Center" title="Pacific Tsunami Warning Center">Pacific Tsunami Warning Center</a> issued a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> warning after the quake,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AJC_29-0"><a href="#cite_note-AJC-29"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> but cancelled it shortly afterwards.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
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<p><img height="150" width="200" alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png/200px-Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png" class="thumbimage" /></p>
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<p>Caribbean tectonics plates.</p>
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<p>Since the quake occurred under land rather than water, structures and people on the surface were directly exposed to the tremors, particularly since the fault was quite shallow.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC_31-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-31"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> The quake occurred in the vicinity of the northern boundary where the Caribbean tectonic plate shifts eastwards by about 20 mm per year relative to the North American plate. The strike-slip fault system in the region has two branches in Haiti, the Septentrional fault in the north and the Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault in the south; seismic data suggests that the January 2010 quake was on the Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault, which had been locked solid for 250 years, gathering stress. The stress would ultimately have been relieved either by a large earthquake or a series of smaller ones.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> The rupture of this M<sub>w</sub> 7.0 earthquake was roughly 65 kilometres (40 mi) long with mean slip of 1.8 metres (5.9 ft).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> Preliminary analysis of the slip distribution found amplitudes of up to about 4 metres (13 ft) using ground motion records from all over the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>The United States Geological Survey recorded six aftershocks in the two hours after the main earthquake of magnitudes approximately 5.9,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mag59HaitiRegion_36-0"><a href="#cite_note-Mag59HaitiRegion-36"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> 5.5,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup> 5.1,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mag59HaitiRegion_36-1"><a href="#cite_note-Mag59HaitiRegion-36"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> 4.5,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mag59HaitiRegion_36-2"><a href="#cite_note-Mag59HaitiRegion-36"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> and 4.5.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mag59HaitiRegion_36-3"><a href="#cite_note-Mag59HaitiRegion-36"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> Within the first nine hours 26 aftershocks of magnitude 4.2 or greater were recorded, with twelve of them magnitude 5.0 or greater.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> According to a member of the USGS, about three million people would have been affected, based on the strength and location of the quake.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Infrastructure_damage">Infrastructure damage</span></h2>
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<p><img height="146" width="220" alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Haiti_earthquake_damage_overhead.jpg/220px-Haiti_earthquake_damage_overhead.jpg" class="thumbimage" /></p>
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<p>Collapsed buildings in Port-au-Prince</p>
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<p>There was major damage to Port-au-Prince. The buildings of the finance ministry, the ministry of public works, the ministry of communication and culture, the Palace of Justice, the Superior Normal School, the National School of Administration, the Institut Aim&eacute; C&eacute;saire, Parliament, and Port-au-Prince Cathedral were damaged to varying degrees.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-obs1_41-0"><a href="#cite_note-obs1-41"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> The National Palace was severely damaged.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> The quake seriously damaged the control tower at Toussaint L&#8217;Ouverture International Airport.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Towns west of Port-au-Prince, such as Jacmel, Carrefour, L&eacute;og&acirc;ne, Petit-Go&acirc;ve, and Gressier were reported to have extensive and perhaps catastrophic damage.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> They were furthermore isolated by debris blocking connecting roads and unable to receive supplies that were slowly getting into the capital. Secretary-General of the UN Ban Ki-moon estimated that fifty percent of the buildings in the affected regions were destroyed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>There was significant damage to communications, and a Haitian diplomat has said that &quot;communication is absolutely impossible &hellip; I&#8217;ve been trying to call my ministry and I cannot get through.&quot;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AJC_29-1"><a href="#cite_note-AJC-29"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> A hospital in P&eacute;tionville, a wealthy suburb of Port-au-Prince, collapsed from the earthquake.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup> The main prison in Port-au-Prince collapsed during the earthquake. Many prisoners escaped into the streets, and their whereabouts are unknown.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup> The roof of the facility reportedly collapsed and caught fire, and family members have been unable to find their incarcerated relatives.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
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<p><img height="147" width="220" alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Downtown_Port_au_Prince_after_earthquake.jpg/220px-Downtown_Port_au_Prince_after_earthquake.jpg" class="thumbimage" /></p>
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<p>Damage in downtown Port-au-Prince</p>
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<p>The headquarters of MINUSTAH at Christopher Hotel<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-unbriefing_13-1"><a href="#cite_note-unbriefing-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> were destroyed, as were offices of the World Bank.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup> The quake affected the three M&eacute;decins Sans Fronti&egrave;res (Doctors Without Borders) medical facilities around Port-Au-Prince, causing one to collapse completely.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-metroint_51-0"><a href="#cite_note-metroint-51"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-onehospital_52-0"><a href="#cite_note-onehospital-52"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-freep1_53-0"><a href="#cite_note-freep1-53"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup> The building housing the offices of Citibank in Port-au-Prince was destroyed, and several employees remained missing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup> Up to 200 guests at the collapsed H&ocirc;tel Montana in Port-au-Prince remain unaccounted for, and are presumed dead.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup> As of 15 January 2010<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart updated">2010 -01-15</span>)</span><sup style="display: none;" class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2010_Haiti_earthquake&amp;action=edit" rel="nofollow" class="external text">[update]</a></sup>, reported damage to the Port-au-Prince seaport includes the collapse of cranes and containers into the water, structural damage to the pier, and an oil spill, rendering the facility unusable for immediate rescue operations; the Gona&iuml;ves seaport, in the northern part of the country, remains operational.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
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<p>Swamped cranes along the Port-au-Prince docks</p>
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<p>The apparel industry, which accounts for two-thirds of Haiti&#8217;s annual $350 million in exports to the United States, reported structural damage at manufacturing facilities in Haiti. American-based Hanesbrands Inc. reported that three of its four factories had been affected by the quake, with one facility substantially damaged. The Canadian clothing company Gildan Activewear reported that one of the three textile factories that produce their products had been severely damaged.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>The Committee to Protect Journalists reported that offices of Radio-Tele Ginen had been destroyed, several other stations, including Melodie FM, Radio Caraibes, Signal FM, and Radio Metropole, remained functioning. Journalism as a whole in Haiti was affected by the fact that many journalists had suffered personal losses and were unable to work.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cpj115_58-0"><a href="#cite_note-cpj115-58"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup> The music studio Hercule, located in P&eacute;tionville, was destroyed and the studio&rsquo;s owner Joubert Charles, one of the most prominent promoters of music in Haiti, died in the quake.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ht117_59-0"><a href="#cite_note-ht117-59"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-clinacoo115_60-0"><a href="#cite_note-clinacoo115-60"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cyber113_61-0"><a href="#cite_note-cyber113-61"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Buildings shook in Santo Domingo, the capital of the neighboring Dominican Republic, but no major damage was reported there.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span>[</span>63<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Conditions_in_the_aftermath">Conditions in the aftermath</span></h2>
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<p>Assistance camp set up by the Brazilian Army</p>
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<p>Through the nights following the earthquake, many people in Haiti slept in the streets, on sidewalks, in their cars, or in makeshift shanty towns either because their houses had been destroyed, or they feared standing structures would not withstand aftershocks. Even Haitian President Ren&eacute; Pr&eacute;val was unsure of where he was going to sleep after his home was destroyed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></a></sup><sup title="The material in the vicinity of this tag failed verification of its source citation(s) from January 2010" style="white-space: nowrap;" class="noprint Inline-Template">[<em>not in citation given</em>]</sup> Haiti is one of the poorest nations in the world, and construction standards are low; like many islands in the Caribbean the country has no building codes. Engineers have stated that it is unlikely many buildings would have stood through any kind of disaster. Structures are often raised wherever they can fit; some buildings were built on slopes with insufficient foundations or steel.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span>[</span>65<span>]</span></a></sup> A representative of Catholic Relief Services has estimated that about two million Haitians live as squatters on land they do not own. The country also suffers from shortages of fuel and potable water even when not addressing times of disaster.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-greene_65-0"><a href="#cite_note-greene-65"><span>[</span>66<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
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<p>Haitian citizens have been congregating in open areas, both to minimize their aftershock vulnerability, and to provide easier access for relief workers.</p>
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<p>Towns in the eastern Dominican Republic began preparing on 15 January for tens of thousands of refugees, and by 16 January hospitals around the border had been filled to capacity with Haitians. Some began reporting having expended stocks of critical medical supplies such as antibiotics by 17 January.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span>[</span>67<span>]</span></a></sup> The border was reinforced with Dominican soldiers, and the government of the Dominican Republic asserted that all Haitians who crossed the border for medical assistance would be allowed to stay only temporarily. A local governor stated, &quot;We have a great desire and we will do everything humanly possible to help Haitian families. But we have our limitations with respect to food and medicine. We need the helping hand of other countries in the area.&quot;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-miamihaiti2_67-0"><a href="#cite_note-miamihaiti2-67"><span>[</span>68<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span>[</span>69<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>President Pr&eacute;val and government ministers used police headquarters near the Toussaint L&#8217;Ouverture International Airport as their new base of operations, although their effectiveness was extremely limited. Several parliament members were still trapped in the Presidential Palace, and offices and records destroyed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span>[</span>70<span>]</span></a></sup> Some high-ranking government workers lost family members, or had to tend to wounded relatives. Although the president and his remaining cabinet met with U.N. planners each day, there remains confusion as to who is in charge and no single group has been organizing relief efforts as of 16 January.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-70"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span>[</span>71<span>]</span></a></sup> The government handed over control of the airport to the United States to hasten and ease flight operations, made worse by the damaged air traffic control tower.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span>[</span>72<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Almost immediately Port-au-Prince&#8217;s morgue facilities were overwhelmed. By 14 January, a thousand bodies had been placed on the streets and sidewalks outside. Government crews operated 60 trucks to collect thousands more, burying them in mass graves.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span>[</span>73<span>]</span></a></sup> In the heat and humidity, others that were trapped in rubble began to decompose and smell. Mati Goldstein, head of the the Isreali ZAKA International Rescue Unit delegation to Haiti, described the situation as &quot;Shabbat from hell. Everywhere, the acrid smell of bodies hangs in the air. It&rsquo;s just like the stories we are told of the Holocaust &ndash; thousands of bodies everywhere. You have to understand that the situation is true madness, and the more time passes, there are more and more bodies, in numbers that cannot be grasped. It is beyond comprehension.&quot;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span>[</span>74<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
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<p>Some Haitians felt water was safer than land following numerous aftershocks.</p>
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<p>Slow distribution of resources and the absence of any central authority in the days after the earthquake resulted in violence, as groups attempting to dispense food and other aid were attacked, including an attempted carjacking of aid vehicles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span>[</span>75<span>]</span></a></sup> At least one looter was killed as Haitian police fired upon hundreds, and episodes of looting continued as aid officials feared a breakout of lawlessness unless US troops can deliver the needed aid to the up to three million survivors who have not received any.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fireonlooters_75-0"><a href="#cite_note-fireonlooters-75"><span>[</span>76<span>]</span></a></sup> Former US president Bill Clinton acknowledged the problems and said Americans should &quot;not be deterred from supporting the relief effort&quot; by upsetting scenes such as those of looting.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-76"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span>[</span>77<span>]</span></a></sup> Some reports of violence indicated a more communal aspect as supply delays continued as looters were wounded or killed by vigilante justice with tacit police approval, including one purported thief dying with a burning tire around his neck; other neighborhoods constructed their own roadblock barricades.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Knife_Edge_77-0"><a href="#cite_note-Knife_Edge-77"><span>[</span>78<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>In many neighborhoods, singing could be heard through the night and groups of men coordinated to act as security as groups of women attempted to take care of food and hygiene necessities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-78"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span>[</span>79<span>]</span></a></sup> During the days following the the earthquake, hundreds of women were seen marching through the streets in peaceful processions, singing and clapping.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup> On Sunday, 17 January, Haitians roamed the streets looking for church services to attend. Impromptu gatherings were held outside churches that had collapsed with a few attendees appearing in their best clothes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span>[</span>81<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Casualties">Casualties</span></h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: Casualties of the 2010 Haiti earthquake</div>
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<p>Brazilian pediatrician and Nobel Peace Prize nominee Zilda Arns was killed in the earthquake.</p>
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<p>The earthquake struck in the most populated area of the country; estimates of the number of dead increased from 45,000 shortly after the earthquake to 200,000 six days later .<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbcfirst_7-1"><a href="#cite_note-bbcfirst-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LeonardJan13_81-0"><a href="#cite_note-LeonardJan13-81"><span>[</span>82<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reutersfirst_2-2"><a href="#cite_note-reutersfirst-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> The day after the earthquake the International Red Cross estimated that as many as 3 million people had been affected by the quake.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cbsnews1_6-1"><a href="#cite_note-cbsnews1-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Appeals for international aid were issued by Haitian government officials, including Raymond Joseph, Haiti&#8217;s ambassador to the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_82-0"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-82"><span>[</span>83<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>A minister for the Haitian government reported on 16 January that nearly 20,000 bodies had been recovered by government crews.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-miami_83-0"><a href="#cite_note-miami-83"><span>[</span>84<span>]</span></a></sup> Some reports indicated 250,000 people sustained injuries, and as many as one million Haitians were left homeless.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-oba_84-0"><a href="#cite_note-oba-84"><span>[</span>85<span>]</span></a></sup> Experts caution that any final death toll will be a &quot;guesstimate&quot; as the scale of the disaster makes an accurate tally impossible.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-85"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span>[</span>86<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Amongst the large number of dead were several public figures including government officials, clergy members, and musicians, and foreign civilians and military personnel working with the United Nations. Those killed include Monsignor Joseph Serge Miot, the Archbishop of Port-au-Prince,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-apny201013_86-0"><a href="#cite_note-apny201013-86"><span>[</span>87<span>]</span></a></sup> and officials in the Haitian government, including Justice Minister Paul Denis and opposition leader Michel Gaillard;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-87"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span>[</span>88<span>]</span></a></sup> and numerous prominent Haitian musicians.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-clinacoo115_60-1"><a href="#cite_note-clinacoo115-60"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup> At least 37 United Nations personnel working with United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) were confirmed dead and over 300 remained missing and presumably buried in the building rubble.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cnn1-17_88-0"><a href="#cite_note-cnn1-17-88"><span>[</span>89<span>]</span></a></sup> Many foreign civilians also died, including citizens of the U.S., China, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, the Dominican Republic, France, Germany, Mexico, New Zealand, The Netherlands, Peru,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-89"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span>[</span>90<span>]</span></a></sup> Taiwan, Spain and the United Kingdom.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-90"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span>[</span>91<span>]</span></a></sup> Among them was Brazilian pediatrician, humanitarian and Nobel Peace Prize nominee Dr. Zilda Arns.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-91"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span>[</span>92<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Response">Response</span></h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main articles: Humanitarian response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake and Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake</div>
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<p>United States Coast Guard moves a wounded Haitian onboard a cutter to provide medical aid.</p>
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<p>Appeals for humanitarian aid were issued by the International Red Cross, the Salvation Army,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-92"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span>[</span>93<span>]</span></a></sup> the United Nations<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-93"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span>[</span>94<span>]</span></a></sup> and president Ren&eacute; Pr&eacute;val.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-94"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span>[</span>95<span>]</span></a></sup> Ambassador Joseph and his nephew, singer Wyclef Jean,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-95"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span>[</span>96<span>]</span></a></sup> who was called by Pr&eacute;val to become a &quot;roving ambassador&quot; for Haiti,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-96"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span>[</span>97<span>]</span></a></sup> have also pleaded for donations.</p>
<p>Many countries have responded to the appeals and launched fund-raising efforts, as well as sending search &amp; rescue teams. The neighboring Dominican Republic was the first country to give aid to Haiti, easing tensions that have existed between the two countries since the 19th century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_82-1"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-82"><span>[</span>83<span>]</span></a></sup> The Dominican team sent food, bottled water and heavy machinery to remove the rubble.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-globalvoicesonline1_97-0"><a href="#cite_note-globalvoicesonline1-97"><span>[</span>98<span>]</span></a></sup> The hospitals in Dominican Republic were made available, as well as the airport to receive aid that would be distributed to Haiti.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-globalvoicesonline1_97-1"><a href="#cite_note-globalvoicesonline1-97"><span>[</span>98<span>]</span></a></sup> Personnel from the Dominican emergency team provide service to more than 2,000 injured and the Dominican Institute of Telecommunications (Indotel) helped to restore telephone services.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-globalvoicesonline1_97-2"><a href="#cite_note-globalvoicesonline1-97"><span>[</span>98<span>]</span></a></sup> The Dominican Red Cross and the International Red Cross have been coordinating health relief services.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-globalvoicesonline1_97-3"><a href="#cite_note-globalvoicesonline1-97"><span>[</span>98<span>]</span></a></sup> The Dominican Republic has also been a landing point for foreign correspondents who have come to cover the tragedy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-globalvoicesonline1_97-4"><a href="#cite_note-globalvoicesonline1-97"><span>[</span>98<span>]</span></a></sup> The government has sent eight mobile medical units along with 36 doctors including orthopedics, traumatologists, anesthesiologists, and surgeons. In addition, 39 trucks with canned food have been dispatched, along with 10 mobile kitchens and 110 cooks who can prepare 100,000 meals per day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-98"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span>[</span>99<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
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<p>US Navy heavy-lift helicopters ferry water from the <em>Carl Vinson</em>, 15 January</p>
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<p>Other nations from farther afield also sent personnel, medicines, materiel, and other aid to Haiti. From the Middle East, the government of Qatar sent a strategic transport aircraft (C-17), loaded with 50 tonnes of urgent relief materials and 26 members from the Qatari armed forces, the internal security force (Lekhwiya), police force and the Hamad Medical Corporation. The team will set up a field hospital and provide assistance in Port-au-Prince and other affected areas in Haiti.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-99"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span>[</span>100<span>]</span></a></sup> A rescue team sent by the government of Israel established a field hospital near the United Nations building in Port-au-Prince. It began operations on the evening of 16 January 2010, and included specialized facilities to treat children, the elderly, and women in labor.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-walla_100-0"><a href="#cite_note-walla-100"><span>[</span>101<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Elements of the U.S. Army&#8217;s 82nd Airborne Division deployed on 15 January 2010 from Pope Air Force Base by US Air Force aircraft.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-101"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span>[</span>102<span>]</span></a></sup> Military action in rescue and recovery efforts concentrated on safely bringing aid, according to Secretary of Defense Robert Gates. Ideas such as air dropping aid were dismissed early in planning for their problematic logistical issues.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-102"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span>[</span>103<span>]</span></a></sup> The U.S. Navy also announced on 13 January that the hospital ship <em>Comfort</em> and amphibious helicopter carrier <em>Bataan</em> will be deployed to assist in the humanitarian relief efforts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-103"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span>[</span>104<span>]</span></a></sup> On 14 January, the U.S. government announced a large relief fund effort for Haiti. President Barack Obama said the U.S. would give $100 million to the aid effort for the stricken Caribbean country and pledged that the people of Haiti &quot;will not be forgotten&quot;.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-104"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span>[</span>105<span>]</span></a></sup> Obama also sent an email to all members of the Organizing for America mailing list urging readers to help support relief efforts in Haiti.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-105"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span>[</span>106<span>]</span></a></sup> By 16 January, US military helicopters were airdropping food and supplies to the survivors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-logjam_106-0"><a href="#cite_note-logjam-106"><span>[</span>107<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
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<p>Urban Search and Rescue specialists from Fairfax County, Virginia, USA work at the Hotel Montana.</p>
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<p>The International Red Cross has announced that it has run out of supplies in Haiti and has appealed for public donations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-107"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span>[</span>108<span>]</span></a></sup> Giving Children Hope has been working to get much-needed medicines and supplies on the ground.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-108"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span>[</span>109<span>]</span></a></sup> Partners in Health (PIH) is the largest health care provider in rural Haiti; it oversees some 10 hospitals and clinics, all far from the capital and all still intact. PIH is currently serving the flow of patients from Port-au-Prince.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pih1_109-0"><a href="#cite_note-pih1-109"><span>[</span>110<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>MINUSTAH has over 9,000 uniformed peacekeepers deployed to the area;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-110"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span>[</span>111<span>]</span></a></sup> most are searching for survivors at the headquarters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-111"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span>[</span>112<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>The International Charter on Space and Major Disasters was activated<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-112"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span>[</span>113<span>]</span></a></sup>, thus providing for exigent satellite coverage<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-113"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup> by several national and international space agencies<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-114"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span>[</span>115<span>]</span></a></sup>.</p>
<p>Social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook were responsible for spreading messages and pleas to send help.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-115"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span>[</span>116<span>]</span></a></sup> Facebook was overwhelmed from some Haitians and blocked some users who were sending messages about updates.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-116"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span>[</span>117<span>]</span></a></sup> The American Red Cross set a record of mobile donating when they allowed people to send $10 donations by cellular phone text messages, raising $7 million in 24 hours.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-117"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span>[</span>118<span>]</span></a></sup> The OpenStreetMap community responded by greatly improving the level of mapping available for the area using post-earthquake satellite photography<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-118"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span>[</span>119<span>]</span></a></sup> provided by GeoEye,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-119"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span>[</span>120<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-120"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span>[</span>121<span>]</span></a></sup> and tracking website Ushahidi coordinated messages from multiple sites to assist Haitians still trapped or to get word to family members of survivors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-121"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span>[</span>122<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Rescue_action">Rescue action</span></h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: Timeline of rescue efforts after the 2010 Haiti earthquake</div>
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<p>MINUSTAH troops meet a relief flight on 16 January 2010; this landing MH-53E is the largest helicopter type operated by the US.</p>
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<p>Rescue efforts began in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, with able-bodied Haitian and foreign national survivors prying both living and deceased casualties from the rubble of the many buildings which had collapsed,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-122"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span>[</span>123<span>]</span></a></sup> but efforts were stymied by the chronic lack of hospital and morgue facilities leaving the Argentine military field hospital the only one available until 13 January.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-123"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span>[</span>124<span>]</span></a></sup> The MINUSTAH peacekeeping force, which is usually involved in relief efforts in times of natural disasters in the country, was itself trying to rescue their own personnel from the wreckage of the UN peacekeeping facilities in Port-au-Prince. Rescue actions only slightly increased in frequency with the arrival of doctors, police officers, military personnel and firefighters from various countries two days after the earthquake.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IEXPRESS_124-0"><a href="#cite_note-IEXPRESS-124"><span>[</span>125<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>On 13 January, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) set up a special website to facilitate family contacts, which allowed people in Haiti and abroad to register the names of relatives whom they wanted to contact.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-125"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span>[</span>126<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
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<p>Medical teams treat victims at a Haitian Coast Guard base.</p>
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<p>The first of three massive Red Cross Red Crescent basic health care emergency response units (ERUs, designed to provide basic and immediate health care to 30,000 people) arrived on 16 January. On 17 January 14 ERUs had already been deployed to Haiti, with most expected to arrive in the coming days. They include water and sanitation units, logistic units, IT and telecommunication infrastructure, and a massive 250-bed hospital.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-126"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span>[</span>127<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>M&eacute;decins Sans Fronti&egrave;res (Doctors Without Borders) operated out of two hospitals, treating about 500 people who needed emergency surgery.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-onehospital_52-1"><a href="#cite_note-onehospital-52"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-freep1_53-1"><a href="#cite_note-freep1-53"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup> The state of medical care was severely limited; a parking lot served as a triage center and the wounded were forced to lie in tents for treatment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-freep1_53-2"><a href="#cite_note-freep1-53"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup> By 16 January, seven field hospitals had been established, set up wherever room was available and working without electricity. The most serious procedures involved caesarian sections and amputations. A doctor with M&eacute;decins du Monde estimated that they would perform 400 amputations on people who had been trapped in buildings.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-127"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span>[</span>128<span>]</span></a></sup> Aid stations were besieged, made worse because the able-bodied bringing wounded friends and relatives had nowhere to go.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-128"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span>[</span>129<span>]</span></a></sup> As the earthquake response neared its first week, some medical teams ran out of the supplies they arrived with, and began to construct splints out of cardboard while re-using latex gloves; other rescue units were forced to withdraw as night fell, for security reasons.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-129"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span>[</span>130<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
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<p>A canine search-team from Los Angeles County Fire/Search and Rescue, California, USA is transported by the US Air Force to Haiti.</p>
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<p>A M&eacute;decins Sans Fronti&egrave;res airplane carrying medical necessities and a portable hospital was told by the U.S. government it would be unable to land.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-130"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span>[</span>131<span>]</span></a></sup> First responders voiced frustration with the number of relief trucks &quot;sitting&quot; at the airport instead of operating.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-131"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span>[</span>132<span>]</span></a></sup> Aid workers blamed US-controlled airport operations, for prioritizing the transportation of security troops over rescuers and supplies;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Knife_Edge_77-1"><a href="#cite_note-Knife_Edge-77"><span>[</span>78<span>]</span></a></sup> the evacuation policies favoring citizens of certain nations were also criticized.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-132"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span>[</span>133<span>]</span></a></sup> The US military acknowledged the non-governmental organizations&#8217; complaints concerning flight-operations bias and vowed improvement, while noting that to date, 600 emergency flights had landed and 50 were diverted; by the first weekend of disaster operations diversions had been reduced to three on Saturday and two on Sunday.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-133"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span>[</span>134<span>]</span></a></sup> The airport was able to serve 100 landings a day, up from the 35 that the airport gets on a normal day, and though a spokesman for the joint task force for running the airport confirmed that more flights were requesting to go, no more were being turned away.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cave1-17_134-0"><a href="#cite_note-cave1-17-134"><span>[</span>135<span>]</span></a></sup> While the Port-au-Prince airport ramp only has room for five airplanes including one jumbo,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-135"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span>[</span>136<span>]</span></a></sup> the supply backup at the airport was expected to ease when the perceived need for heavy security is less pronounced.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Knife_Edge_77-2"><a href="#cite_note-Knife_Edge-77"><span>[</span>78<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>The initial foreign military presence in the country in response to the quake were MINUSTAH troops and United States Coast Guard vessels <em>Forward</em>, <em>Mohawk</em>, and <em>Tahoma</em>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-136"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span>[</span>137<span>]</span></a></sup> By the 14th, over 20 countries had sent military personnel to the country, with Canada, the United States (particularly its Marines and Navy) and the Dominican Republic providing the largest contingencies, and further arrivals or announcements of delegations to the country are expected. The aircraft carrier USS <em>Carl Vinson</em> arrived at flank speed on 15 January with 600,000 emergency food rations, 100,000 ten-liter water containers, and an enhanced helicopter wing numbering 19 aircraft; 35,000 gallons of potable water were transferred to shore in her first day on scene.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-137"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span>[</span>138<span>]</span></a></sup> The helicopter carrier USS <em>Bataan</em> sailed with three large dock landing ships and two survey/salvage vessels, intending to create a &quot;sea base&quot; for the rescue effort.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-navymil_138-0"><a href="#cite_note-navymil-138"><span>[</span>139<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nvtimes_139-0"><a href="#cite_note-nvtimes-139"><span>[</span>140<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-140"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span>[</span>141<span>]</span></a></sup> They were joined by the French Navy vessel <em>Francis Garnier</em> on 16 January,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-141"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span>[</span>142<span>]</span></a></sup> the same day the hospital ship USNS <em>Comfort</em> and guided-missile cruiser USS <em>Bunker Hill</em> left for Haiti to assist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-142"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span>[</span>143<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-143"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span>[</span>144<span>]</span></a></sup> To repair the destroyed Port-au-Prince seaport, the salvage ship USNS <em>Grasp</em> was dispatched.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wpost_144-0"><a href="#cite_note-wpost-144"><span>[</span>145<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
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<p>A Haitian baby is fitted with warmer clothing after evacuation to New Jersey.</p>
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<p>International rescue efforts were also restricted by impasses such as traffic jams in mountain roads between Haiti and the Dominican Republic, while vessels used various means to dock and deploy supplies and manpower onto shore; furthermore, roadblocks in the streets of the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area, mostly from fallen debris or manmade roadblocks constructed either for safety purposes or in protest at the current situation, severely restricted access by aid workers and military personnel.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-145"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span>[</span>146<span>]</span></a></sup> Although U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates had previously ruled out dropping food and water by air, by 16 January, U.S. helicopters were distributing aid to areas impossible to reach by land.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-logjam_106-1"><a href="#cite_note-logjam-106"><span>[</span>107<span>]</span></a></sup> By 17 January, 1,500 people working in 27 rescue teams from several countries were searching for people still trapped in rubble.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cave1-17_134-1"><a href="#cite_note-cave1-17-134"><span>[</span>135<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Easing refugee immigration into Canada was discussed by Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-146"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span>[</span>147<span>]</span></a></sup> and in the U.S. Haitians were granted Temporary Protected Status that will allow about 100,000 undocumented Haitians in the United States to stay legally for 18 months, and will stop the current deportations of 30,000 more; it will not apply to Haitians outside the U.S.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-147"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span>[</span>148<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-148"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span>[</span>149<span>]</span></a></sup> Local and state agencies in South Florida, and the U.S. government began implementing a plan for a mass migration from the Caribbean named &quot;Operation Vigilant Sentry&quot; that had been laid out in 2003.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-149"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span>[</span>150<span>]</span></a></sup> Several orphanages were destroyed in the earthquake. Adoptions that were in process were hastened for 300 children into the U.S. and 100 into the Netherlands. Before the earthquake, there were 380,000 orphans in Haiti, and the number is expected to rise.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-150"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span>[</span>151<span>]</span></a></sup> Several organizations began planning an airlift of several thousand orphaned children into South Florida on humanitarian visas, modeled after a similar effort with Cuban refugees in the 1960s named Pedro Pan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-151"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span>[</span>152<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>By Sunday evening, five days after the initial quake, the UN announced over 70 survivors had been pulled from the rubble, while 130,000 food packets and 70,000 water containers were distributed to Haitians, as safe landing and distribution centers like golf courses were secured.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-152"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span>[</span>153<span>]</span></a></sup> There were nearly 2,000 rescuers on-scene from 43 different groups, along with 161 search dogs; the airport had handled 250 tons of relief supplies by the end of the weekend.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-153"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span>[</span>154<span>]</span></a></sup> Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines has begun using scheduled port calls in northern Haiti, to transfer emergency supplies using extra space on its liners.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-154"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span>[</span>155<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Recovery">Recovery</span></h2>
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<p>Haitians await the opening of a supply depot, 16 January 2010</p>
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<p>U.S. President Barack Obama announced that former presidents Bill Clinton, who also acts as the U.N. special envoy to Haiti, and George W. Bush will coordinate efforts to raise funds for Haiti&#8217;s recovery. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton arrived in Haiti on 16 January to survey the damage and stated that $48 million has been raised already in the U.S. to help Haiti recover.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-155"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span>[</span>156<span>]</span></a></sup> Following the meeting with Secretary Clinton, President Pr&eacute;val stated that the highest priorities in Haiti&#8217;s recovery are establishing a working government, clearing roads, and ensuring the streets are cleared of bodies and sanitary conditions return.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-156"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span>[</span>157<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>U.S. Vice President Joe Biden stated on 16 January that &quot;[Barack Obama] does not view this as a humanitarian mission with a life cycle of a month. This will still be on our radar screen long after it&#8217;s off the crawler at CNN. This is going to be a long slog.&quot;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-157"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span>[</span>158<span>]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, French President Nicolas Sarkozy said that France, the United States, Brazil and Canada would hold a conference to organize the reconstruction of Haiti.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-158"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span>[</span>159<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>The president of Senegal, Abdoulaye Wade, offered interested Haitians free land in Senegal, up to an entire region depending on how many respond to the offer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-159"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span>[</span>160<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Coordination of the relief effort is central Haitian recovery, according to U.S. officials.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-160"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span>[</span>161<span>]</span></a></sup> With the large number of organizations compounding the reconstruction work, President Pr&eacute;val asked for improved cooperation between donor nations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-161"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span>[</span>162<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-162"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span>[</span>163<span>]</span></a></sup> The French Secretary for Cooperation, Alain Joyandet, filed a complaint at the U.S. embassy on 16 January against a perceived preference for American aid arriving at the U.S.-controlled Toussaint L&#8217;Ouverture International Airport.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-163"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span>[</span>164<span>]</span></a></sup> The day before, Brazilian Foreign Minister Celso Amorim had already decried American favoritism for incoming aid.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-164"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span>[</span>165<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>List of 21st century earthquakes</li>
<li>List of earthquakes in Haiti</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div style="-moz-column-width: 30em;" class="references-small references-column-width">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-pager2010rja6-0">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pager2010rja6_0-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pager2010rja6_0-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010rja6/index.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;PAGER &ndash; M 7.0 &ndash; HAITI REGION&quot;</a>. United States Geological Survey. 12 January 2010</li>
<li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/18/2794626.htm" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Emergency declared as Marines head for Haiti&quot;</a>. <em>ABC News Online</em> (ABC News Australia). 18 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/18/2794626.htm" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/18/2794626.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 18 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Emergency+declared+as+Marines+head+for+Haiti&amp;rft.jtitle=ABC+News+Online&amp;rft.date=18+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=ABC+News+Australia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2010%2F01%2F18%2F2794626.htm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-reutersfirst-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reutersfirst_2-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reutersfirst_2-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reutersfirst_2-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <span class="citation news">Sutton, Jane; Anthony Boadle, Pascal Fletcher (15 January 2010). <a href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N15143632.htm" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haiti quake death toll may hit 200,000-minister&quot;</a>. <em>Reuters Alertnet</em> (Reuters)<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N15143632.htm" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N15143632.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Haiti+quake+death+toll+may+hit+200%2C000-minister&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters+Alertnet&amp;rft.aulast=Sutton&amp;rft.aufirst=Jane&amp;rft.au=Sutton%2C%26%2332%3BJane&amp;rft.au=Anthony+Boadle%2C+Pascal+Fletcher&amp;rft.date=15+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Reuters&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alertnet.org%2Fthenews%2Fnewsdesk%2FN15143632.htm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-USGS_Haiti-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_Haiti_3-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_Haiti_3-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;USGS Magnitude 7.0 &ndash; HAITI REGION&quot;</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=USGS+Magnitude+7.0+%E2%80%93+HAITI+REGION&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feqinthenews%2F2010%2Fus2010rja6%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-abc1-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-abc1_4-0">^</a></strong> ABC News, <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/17/2794190.htm" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&#8216;Tens of thousands neglected at quake epicentre&#8217;</a>, <strong>AFP</strong>, <strong>Lisa Millar</strong>, <em>17 January</em> (accessed 17 January 2010)</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web">Earthquake Center, USGS. <a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_big.php" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Latest Earthquakes M5.0+ in the World &ndash; Past 7 days&quot;</a>. <em>Earthquake Hazards Program</em>. United States Geological Survery<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_big.php" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_big.php</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Latest+Earthquakes+M5.0%2B+in+the+World+%E2%80%93+Past+7+days&amp;rft.atitle=Earthquake+Hazards+Program&amp;rft.aulast=Earthquake+Center&amp;rft.aufirst=USGS&amp;rft.au=Earthquake+Center%2C%26%2332%3BUSGS&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survery&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fquakes_big.php&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-cbsnews1-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbsnews1_6-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbsnews1_6-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/01/13/world/main6090601.shtml?tag=cbsnewsSectionContent.4" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Red Cross: 3M Haitians Affected by Quake&quot;</a>. CBS News. 13 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/01/13/world/main6090601.shtml?tag=cbsnewsSectionContent.4" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/01/13/world/main6090601.shtml?tag=cbsnewsSectionContent.4</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Red+Cross%3A+3M+Haitians+Affected+by+Quake&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=CBS+News&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fstories%2F2010%2F01%2F13%2Fworld%2Fmain6090601.shtml%3Ftag%3DcbsnewsSectionContent.4&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-bbcfirst-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcfirst_7-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcfirst_7-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8460417.stm" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haiti earthquake death toll &#8216;may be 50,000&#8242;&quot;</a>. <em>BBC News</em> (BBC). 15 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8460417.stm" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8460417.stm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Haiti+earthquake+death+toll+%27may+be+50%2C000%27&amp;rft.jtitle=%5B%5BBBC+News%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=15+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=BBC&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F8460417.stm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/18/2794626.htm" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Emergency declared as Marines head for Haiti&quot;</a>. <em>ABC News Online</em> (ABC News Australia). 18 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/18/2794626.htm" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/18/2794626.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 18 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Emergency+declared+as+Marines+head+for+Haiti&amp;rft.jtitle=ABC+News+Online&amp;rft.date=18+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=ABC+News+Australia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2010%2F01%2F18%2F2794626.htm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-catholic-9"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-catholic_9-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">Fournier, Keith (13 January 2010). <a href="http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=35181" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Devastating 7.0 Earthquake Hammers Beleagured Island Nation of Haiti&quot;</a>. <em>Catholic Online</em><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=35181" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=35181</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Devastating+7.0+Earthquake+Hammers+Beleagured+Island+Nation+of+Haiti&amp;rft.jtitle=Catholic+Online&amp;rft.aulast=Fournier&amp;rft.aufirst=Keith&amp;rft.au=Fournier%2C%26%2332%3BKeith&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org%2Finternational%2Finternational_story.php%3Fid%3D35181&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-smh-10"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-smh_10-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/hundreds-feared-dead-in-haiti-earthquake-20100113-m5d3.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Quake &#8216;levels Haiti presidential palace&#8217;&quot;</a>. <em>Sydney Morning Herald</em>. 13 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/hundreds-feared-dead-in-haiti-earthquake-20100113-m5d3.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/hundreds-feared-dead-in-haiti-earthquake-20100113-m5d3.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Quake+%27levels+Haiti+presidential+palace%27&amp;rft.jtitle=%5B%5BSydney+Morning+Herald%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.smh.com.au%2Fbreaking-news-world%2Fhundreds-feared-dead-in-haiti-earthquake-20100113-m5d3.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-wp-11"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-wp_11-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/13/AR2010011302174.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;UN: Haitian capital&#8217;s main jail collapsed in quake&quot;</a>. 13 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/13/AR2010011302174.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/13/AR2010011302174.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=UN%3A+Haitian+capital%27s+main+jail+collapsed+in+quake&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F01%2F13%2FAR2010011302174.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-talkingpoints-12"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-talkingpoints_12-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/live/haiti-quake-wire/#313020" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Dems&#8217; Haiti Fundraising Email: &#8216;Put Politics Aside For A Moment&quot;</a>. Talking Points Memo. 14 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/live/haiti-quake-wire/#313020" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/live/haiti-quake-wire/#313020</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 14 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Dems%27+Haiti+Fundraising+Email%3A+%27Put+Politics+Aside+For+A+Moment&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=14+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Talking+Points+Memo&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.talkingpointsmemo.com%2Flive%2Fhaiti-quake-wire%2F%23313020&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-unbriefing-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unbriefing_13-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unbriefing_13-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/2010/db100113.doc.htm" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Briefing by Martin Nesirky, Spokesperson for the Secretary-General, and Jean Victor Nkolo, Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly&quot;</a>. <em>United Nations</em>. 13 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/2010/db100113.doc.htm" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/2010/db100113.doc.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Briefing+by+Martin+Nesirky%2C+Spokesperson+for+the+Secretary-General%2C+and+Jean+Victor+Nkolo%2C+Spokesperson+for+the+President+of+the+General+Assembly&amp;rft.jtitle=%5B%5BUnited+Nations%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FNews%2Fbriefings%2Fdocs%2F2010%2Fdb100113.doc.htm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-bbc16012010-14"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-bbc16012010_14-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8463490.stm" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Clinton visits quake-hit Haitians&quot;</a>. <em>BBC News</em>. 16 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8463490.stm" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8463490.stm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 16 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Clinton+visits+quake-hit+Haitians&amp;rft.jtitle=%5B%5BBBC+News%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=16+January+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F8463490.stm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.bangkokpost.com/breakingnews/165548/haiti-quake-worst-disaster-ever" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.bangkokpost.com/breakingnews/165548/haiti-quake-worst-disaster-ever</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-survivers-16"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-survivers_16-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">de Montesquiou, Alfred; and Mike Melia (16 January 2010). <a href="http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/C/CB_HAITI_EARTHQUAKE?SITE=FLTAM&amp;SECTION=HOME&amp;TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&amp;CTIME=2010-01-16-08-50-44" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haiti earthquake survivors get more food and water (AP)&quot;</a>. Tampa Tribune Online<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/C/CB_HAITI_EARTHQUAKE?SITE=FLTAM&amp;SECTION=HOME&amp;TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&amp;CTIME=2010-01-16-08-50-44" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/C/CB_HAITI_EARTHQUAKE?SITE=FLTAM&amp;SECTION=HOME&amp;TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&amp;CTIME=2010-01-16-08-50-44</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 17 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Haiti+earthquake+survivors+get+more+food+and+water+%28AP%29&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=de+Montesquiou&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred&amp;rft.au=de+Montesquiou%2C%26%2332%3BAlfred&amp;rft.au=and+Mike+Melia&amp;rft.date=16+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Tampa+Tribune+Online&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhosted.ap.org%2Fdynamic%2Fstories%2FC%2FCB_HAITI_EARTHQUAKE%3FSITE%3DFLTAM%26SECTION%3DHOME%26TEMPLATE%3DDEFAULT%26CTIME%3D2010-01-16-08-50-44&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></strong> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPrepetit2008">Prepetit, Claude (9 October 2008), <a href="http://www.bme.gouv.ht/risques%20geologiques/LeMatin_s%E9ismes.pdf" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Tremblements de terre en Ha&iuml;ti, mythe ou r&eacute;alit&eacute; ?</span>&quot;</a>, <em>Le Matin</em> <strong>N&deg; 33082</strong><span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.bme.gouv.ht/risques%20geologiques/LeMatin_s%E9ismes.pdf" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.bme.gouv.ht/risques%20geologiques/LeMatin_s%E9ismes.pdf</a></span></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22fr%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22fr%22%3ETremblements+de+terre+en+Ha%C3%AFti%2C+mythe+ou+r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9+%3F%3C%2Fspan%3E%5B%5BCategory%3AArticles+containing+French+language+text%5D%5D&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+Matin&amp;rft.aulast=Prepetit&amp;rft.aufirst=Claude&amp;rft.au=Prepetit%2C%26%2332%3BClaude&amp;rft.date=9+October+2008&amp;rft.volume=N%C2%B0+33082&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bme.gouv.ht%2Frisques%2520geologiques%2FLeMatin_s%25E9ismes.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, quoting <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMoreau_de_Saint-M.C3.A9ry">Moreau de Saint-M&eacute;ry, M&eacute;d&eacute;ric Louis &Eacute;lie, <em><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Description topographique, physique, civile, politique et historique de la partie fran&ccedil;aise de l&rsquo;Ile Saint Domingue</span></em></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22fr%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22fr%22%3EDescription+topographique%2C+physique%2C+civile%2C+politique+et+historique+de+la+partie+fran%C3%A7aise+de+l%E2%80%99Ile+Saint+Domingue%3C%2Fspan%3E%5B%5BCategory%3AArticles+containing+French+language+text%5D%5D&amp;rft.aulast=Moreau+de+Saint-M%C3%A9ry&amp;rft.aufirst=M%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric+Louis+%C3%89lie&amp;rft.au=Moreau+de+Saint-M%C3%A9ry%2C%26%2332%3BM%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric+Louis+%C3%89lie&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> and <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJ._M._Jan.2C_bishop_of_Cap-Ha.C3.AFtien1972">J. M. Jan, bishop of Cap-Ha&iuml;tien (1972), <em><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Documentation religieuse</span></em>, &Eacute;ditions Henri Deschamps</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22fr%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22fr%22%3EDocumentation+religieuse%3C%2Fspan%3E%5B%5BCategory%3AArticles+containing+French+language+text%5D%5D&amp;rft.aulast=J.+M.+Jan%2C+bishop+of+Cap-Ha%C3%AFtien&amp;rft.au=J.+M.+Jan%2C+bishop+of+Cap-Ha%C3%AFtien&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Henri+Deschamps&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34829978/ns/world_news-americas/?GT1=43001" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Earthquake leaves Haiti &lsquo;worse than a war zone&rsquo;&quot;</a>. 13 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34829978/ns/world_news-americas/?GT1=43001" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34829978/ns/world_news-americas/?GT1=43001</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Earthquake+leaves+Haiti+%E2%80%98worse+than+a+war+zone%E2%80%99&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.msn.com%2Fid%2F34829978%2Fns%2Fworld_news-americas%2F%3FGT1%3D43001&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-DeMets-19"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-DeMets_19-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation Journal">DeMets, C.; Wiggins-Grandison W. (2007). <a href="http://www.jcoba.org.jm/earthquake/files/DeformJaGPS2007.pdf" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Deformation of Jamaica and motion of the Gon&acirc;ve microplate from GPS and seismic data&quot;</a>. <em>Geophysical Journal International</em> <strong>168</strong>: 362&ndash;378<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.jcoba.org.jm/earthquake/files/DeformJaGPS2007.pdf" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.jcoba.org.jm/earthquake/files/DeformJaGPS2007.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 19 December 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Deformation+of+Jamaica+and+motion+of+the+Gon%C3%A2ve+microplate+from+GPS+and+seismic+data&amp;rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&amp;rft.aulast=DeMets&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rft.au=DeMets%2C%26%2332%3BC.&amp;rft.au=Wiggins-Grandison+W.&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.volume=168&amp;rft.pages=362%E2%80%93378&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcoba.org.jm%2Fearthquake%2Ffiles%2FDeformJaGPS2007.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-18cgc-20"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-18cgc_20-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web">Mann, Paul, Calais, Eric, Demets, Chuck, Prentice, Carol S., and Wiggins-Grandison, Margaret (March 2008). <a href="http://www.ig.utexas.edu/jsg/18_cgg/Mann3.htm" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Entiquillo-Plantain Garden Strike-Slip Fault Zone: A Major Seismic Hazard Affecting Dominican Republic, Haiti and Jamaica&quot;</a>. 18th Caribbean Geological Conference<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.ig.utexas.edu/jsg/18_cgg/Mann3.htm" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.ig.utexas.edu/jsg/18_cgg/Mann3.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Entiquillo-Plantain+Garden+Strike-Slip+Fault+Zone%3A+A+Major+Seismic+Hazard+Affecting+Dominican+Republic%2C+Haiti+and+Jamaica&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Mann%2C+Paul%2C+Calais%2C+Eric%2C+Demets%2C+Chuck%2C+Prentice%2C+Carol+S.%2C+and+Wiggins-Grandison%2C+Margaret&amp;rft.au=Mann%2C+Paul%2C+Calais%2C+Eric%2C+Demets%2C+Chuck%2C+Prentice%2C+Carol+S.%2C+and+Wiggins-Grandison%2C+Margaret&amp;rft.date=March+2008&amp;rft.pub=18th+Caribbean+Geological+Conference&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ig.utexas.edu%2Fjsg%2F18_cgg%2FMann3.htm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">Delacroix, Phoenix (25 September 2008). <a href="http://www.lematinhaiti.com/Article.asp?ID=14646" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haiti/ Menace de Catastrope Naturelle / Risque sismique &eacute;lev&eacute; sur Port-au-Prince&quot;</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.lematinhaiti.com/Article.asp?ID=14646" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.lematinhaiti.com/Article.asp?ID=14646</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 12 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Haiti%2F+Menace+de+Catastrope+Naturelle+%2F+Risque+sismique+%C3%A9lev%C3%A9+sur+Port-au-Prince&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Delacroix&amp;rft.aufirst=Phoenix&amp;rft.au=Delacroix%2C%26%2332%3BPhoenix&amp;rft.date=25+September+2008&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lematinhaiti.com%2FArticle.asp%3FID%3D14646&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/unicef-urgently-appeals-for.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;UNICEF urgently appeals for aid for Haiti following devastating earthquake&quot;</a>, UNICEF. Retrieved 14 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></strong> <a href="http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_HTI.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Human Development Report 2009 Haiti&quot;</a>, United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 13 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/Haiti" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Travel Advice &ndash; Haiti&quot;</a>, Smartraveller: The Australian Government&#8217;s travel advisory and consular assistance service. Retrieved 13 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">Renois, Clarens (12 January 2010). <a href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gV7dSp1H3MOP1oJjqeolVcym8J8g" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Fears of major catastrophe as 7.0 quake rocks Haiti&quot;</a>. Agence France-Presse<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gV7dSp1H3MOP1oJjqeolVcym8J8g" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gV7dSp1H3MOP1oJjqeolVcym8J8g</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Fears+of+major+catastrophe+as+7.0+quake+rocks+Haiti&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Renois&amp;rft.aufirst=Clarens&amp;rft.au=Renois%2C%26%2332%3BClarens&amp;rft.date=12+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BAgence+France-Presse%5D%5D&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5gV7dSp1H3MOP1oJjqeolVcym8J8g&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></strong> Carroll, Rory (November 8, 2008). <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/nov/08/haiti-hurricanes" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&#8216;We are going to disappear one day&#8217;</a>, <em>The Guardian</em>, Retrieved on 17 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></strong> <a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/#summary" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Magnitude 7.0 &ndash; HAITI REGION Tectonic Summary&quot;</a>. United States Geological Survey. 12 January 2010</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></strong> <a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/us/2010rja6/us/index.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Magnitude 7.0 &ndash; HAITI REGION USGS Community Internet Intensity Map&quot;</a>. United States Geological Survey. 12 January 2010.</li>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/caribe/2010/caribe.2010.01.12.233517.txt" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Tsunami Message Number 3&quot;</a>. NOAA<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/caribe/2010/caribe.2010.01.12.233517.txt" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/caribe/2010/caribe.2010.01.12.233517.txt</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 12 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Tsunami+Message+Number+3&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=NOAA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prh.noaa.gov%2Fptwc%2Fmessages%2Fcaribe%2F2010%2Fcaribe.2010.01.12.233517.txt&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">Amos, Jonathan (13 January 2009). <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8456233.stm" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;BBC: Haiti quake: The worst of places for a big tremor&quot;</a>. BBC News<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8456233.stm" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8456233.stm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=BBC%3A+Haiti+quake%3A+The+worst+of+places+for+a+big+tremor&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Amos&amp;rft.aufirst=Jonathan&amp;rft.au=Amos%2C%26%2332%3BJonathan&amp;rft.date=13+January+2009&amp;rft.pub=BBC+News&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F8456233.stm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://cires.colorado.edu/%7Ebilham/Haiti%20Earthquake.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haiti Earthquake&quot;</a>. Cires.colorado.edu. 12 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://cires.colorado.edu/%7Ebilham/Haiti%20Earthquake.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/Haiti%20Earthquake.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 16 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Haiti+Earthquake&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=12+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Cires.colorado.edu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcires.colorado.edu%2F%7Ebilham%2FHaiti%2520Earthquake.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/finite_fault.php" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Finite Fault Model Preliminary Result of the 12 Jan 2010 Mw 7.0 Haiti Earthquake&quot;</a>. USGS<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/finite_fault.php" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/finite_fault.php</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 14 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Finite+Fault+Model+Preliminary+Result+of+the+12+Jan+2010+Mw+7.0+Haiti+Earthquake&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=USGS&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feqinthenews%2F2010%2Fus2010rja6%2Ffinite_fault.php&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp/sanchu/Seismo_Note/2010/NGY24.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;NGY Seismology Note No.24 (in Japanese)&quot;</a>. Research Center for Seismology Volcanology and Disaster Mitigation Nagoya University. 13 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp/sanchu/Seismo_Note/2010/NGY24.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp/sanchu/Seismo_Note/2010/NGY24.html</a></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=NGY+Seismology+Note+No.24+%28in+Japanese%29&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Research+Center+for+Seismology+Volcanology+and+Disaster+Mitigation+Nagoya+University&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp%2Fsanchu%2FSeismo_Note%2F2010%2FNGY24.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Mag59HaitiRegion-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mag59HaitiRegion_36-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mag59HaitiRegion_36-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mag59HaitiRegion_36-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mag59HaitiRegion_36-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010rja7.php" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Magnitude 5.9 &ndash; HAITI REGION&quot;</a>. 12 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010rja7.php" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010rja7.php</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 12 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+5.9+%E2%80%93+HAITI+REGION&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=12+January+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010rja7.php&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010rja8.php" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Magnitude 5.5 &ndash; HAITI REGION&quot;</a>. 12 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010rja8.php" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010rja8.php</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 12 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+5.5+%E2%80%93+HAITI+REGION&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=12+January+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010rja8.php&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Maps/region/N_America_eqs.php" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Earthquake List for Map of N America Region&quot;</a>. United States Geological Survey. 13 January 2010 (05:33:52 UTC)<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Maps/region/N_America_eqs.php" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Maps/region/N_America_eqs.php</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Earthquake+List+for+Map+of+N+America+Region&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010+%2805%3A33%3A52+UTC%29&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FMaps%2Fregion%2FN_America_eqs.php&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.tv5.org/cms/chaine-francophone/info/p-1911-Haiti_devaste_par_un_puissant_seisme.htm?&amp;rub=2&amp;xml=newsmlmmd.05873741d56221f6a2a803c7248a9429.b11.xml" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;TV5MONDE : actualites :&quot;</a>. Tv5.org. 30 September 2008<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.tv5.org/cms/chaine-francophone/info/p-1911-Haiti_devaste_par_un_puissant_seisme.htm?&amp;rub=2&amp;xml=newsmlmmd.05873741d56221f6a2a803c7248a9429.b11.xml" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.tv5.org/cms/chaine-francophone/info/p-1911-Haiti_devaste_par_un_puissant_seisme.htm?&amp;rub=2&amp;xml=newsmlmmd.05873741d56221f6a2a803c7248a9429.b11.xml</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=TV5MONDE+%3A+actualites+%3A&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=30+September+2008&amp;rft.pub=Tv5.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv5.org%2Fcms%2Fchaine-francophone%2Finfo%2Fp-1911-Haiti_devaste_par_un_puissant_seisme.htm%3F%26rub%3D2%26xml%3Dnewsmlmmd.05873741d56221f6a2a803c7248a9429.b11.xml&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/World/Story/STIStory_476705.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haitian palace collapses&quot;</a>. <em>The Straits Times</em>. 13 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-obs1-41"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-obs1_41-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/depeches/societe/20100114.FAP2717/haiti_les_rescapes_evacues_a_la_martinique_decrivent_le.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Ha&iuml;ti: les rescap&eacute;s &eacute;vacu&eacute;s &agrave; la Martinique d&eacute;crivent le &quot;chaos&quot;&quot;</a>. Nouvel OBS. 14 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/depeches/societe/20100114.FAP2717/haiti_les_rescapes_evacues_a_la_martinique_decrivent_le.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/depeches/societe/20100114.FAP2717/haiti_les_rescapes_evacues_a_la_martinique_decrivent_le.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Ha%C3%AFti%3A+les+rescap%C3%A9s+%C3%A9vacu%C3%A9s+%C3%A0+la+Martinique+d%C3%A9crivent+le+%22chaos%22&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=14+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Nouvel+OBS&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftempsreel.nouvelobs.com%2Fdepeches%2Fsociete%2F20100114.FAP2717%2Fhaiti_les_rescapes_evacues_a_la_martinique_decrivent_le.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.foxnews.com/slideshow/world/2010/01/12/earthquake-rocks-haiti" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Earthquake Rocks Haiti&quot;</a>. FOXNews.com<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/slideshow/world/2010/01/12/earthquake-rocks-haiti" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.foxnews.com/slideshow/world/2010/01/12/earthquake-rocks-haiti</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Earthquake+Rocks+Haiti&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=FOXNews.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fslideshow%2Fworld%2F2010%2F01%2F12%2Fearthquake-rocks-haiti&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.tsr.ch/tsr/index.html?siteSect=200001&amp;sid=11711317&amp;cKey=1263396099000" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Info &ndash; S&eacute;isme &agrave; Ha&iuml;ti: les autorit&eacute;s s&#8217;attendent au pire&quot;</a>. tsr.ch<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.tsr.ch/tsr/index.html?siteSect=200001&amp;sid=11711317&amp;cKey=1263396099000" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.tsr.ch/tsr/index.html?siteSect=200001&amp;sid=11711317&amp;cKey=1263396099000</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Info+%E2%80%93+S%C3%A9isme+%C3%A0+Ha%C3%AFti%3A+les+autorit%C3%A9s+s%27attendent+au+pire&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=tsr.ch&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsr.ch%2Ftsr%2Findex.html%3FsiteSect%3D200001%26sid%3D11711317%26cKey%3D1263396099000&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></strong> New York Times, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/14/world/americas/14cutter.html?hp" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Devastation, Seen From a Ship&quot;</a>, <strong>Eric Lipton</strong>, <em>13 January 2009</em>. Retrieved 14 January 2009.</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></strong> Khadijah Rentas, Khadijah (15 January 2010). <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/15/earthquake.damage.elsewhere/index.html?hpt=T2" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Outside Port-au-Prince, &#8216;towns are absolutely destroyed&#8217;</a>, CNN. Retrieved on 16 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></strong> Sawer, Patrick (16 January 2010. <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/7005646/Haiti-earthquake-rescuers-still-struggling-without-working-airport-port-or-roads.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Haiti earthquake: rescuers still struggling without working airport, port or roads</a>, &#8216;&quot;The Telegraph<em>. Retrieved on 16 January 2010.</em></li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2010/01/12/world/AP-CB-Haiti-Earthquake.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haitian Earthquake Causes Hospital Collapse&quot;</a>. <em>The New York Times</em>. 12 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2010/01/12/world/AP-CB-Haiti-Earthquake.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2010/01/12/world/AP-CB-Haiti-Earthquake.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 12 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Haitian+Earthquake+Causes+Hospital+Collapse&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.date=12+January+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faponline%2F2010%2F01%2F12%2Fworld%2FAP-CB-Haiti-Earthquake.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://www.mcall.com/news/nationworld/sns-ap-un-haiti-earthquake-prison-collapse,0,5016839.story" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;UN says main prison in Haiti&#8217;s capital has collapsed, with reports of escaped inmates&quot;</a>. <em>The Morning Call</em>. Associated Press. 13 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.mcall.com/news/nationworld/sns-ap-un-haiti-earthquake-prison-collapse,0,5016839.story" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.mcall.com/news/nationworld/sns-ap-un-haiti-earthquake-prison-collapse,0,5016839.story</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=UN+says+main+prison+in+Haiti%27s+capital+has+collapsed%2C+with+reports+of+escaped+inmates&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Morning+Call&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft.series=Associated+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcall.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fsns-ap-un-haiti-earthquake-prison-collapse%2C0%2C5016839.story&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://www.narconews.com/Issue63/article4010.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Earthquake in Haiti: The Day After&quot;</a>. 14 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.narconews.com/Issue63/article4010.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.narconews.com/Issue63/article4010.html</a></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Earthquake+in+Haiti%3A+The+Day+After&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=14+January+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.narconews.com%2FIssue63%2Farticle4010.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">Wroughton, Lesley (12 January 2010). <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1213577020100113?type=marketsNews" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;World Bank to assess Haiti damage, plan rebuilding&quot;</a>. Reuters<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1213577020100113?type=marketsNews" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1213577020100113?type=marketsNews</a></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=World+Bank+to+assess+Haiti+damage%2C+plan+rebuilding&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Wroughton&amp;rft.aufirst=Lesley&amp;rft.au=Wroughton%2C%26%2332%3BLesley&amp;rft.date=12+January+2010&amp;rft.series=Reuters&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSN1213577020100113%3Ftype%3DmarketsNews&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-metroint-51"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-metroint_51-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">McQuigge, Michelle (13 January 2010). <a href="http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/world/article/421303--doctors-without-borders-loses-all-three-hospitals-in-haitian-quake" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Aid workers face frightening challenges in wake of massive quake in Haiti&quot;</a>. <em>metronews</em> (Metro International)<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/world/article/421303--doctors-without-borders-loses-all-three-hospitals-in-haitian-quake" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/world/article/421303&#8211;doctors-without-borders-loses-all-three-hospitals-in-haitian-quake</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 14 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Aid+workers+face+frightening+challenges+in+wake+of+massive+quake+in+Haiti&amp;rft.jtitle=metronews&amp;rft.aulast=McQuigge&amp;rft.aufirst=Michelle&amp;rft.au=McQuigge%2C%26%2332%3BMichelle&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BMetro+International%5D%5D&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metronews.ca%2Ftoronto%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F421303--doctors-without-borders-loses-all-three-hospitals-in-haitian-quake&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-onehospital-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-onehospital_52-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-onehospital_52-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <span class="citation web">14 January, 2010 4:07AM. <a href="http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/only-one-hospital-open-in-haitis-quake-hit-capital/story-e6frfku0-1225819044634" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Only one hospital open in Haiti&#8217;s quake-hit capital&quot;</a>. News.com.au<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/only-one-hospital-open-in-haitis-quake-hit-capital/story-e6frfku0-1225819044634" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/only-one-hospital-open-in-haitis-quake-hit-capital/story-e6frfku0-1225819044634</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Only+one+hospital+open+in+Haiti%27s+quake-hit+capital&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=14+January%2C+2010+4%3A07AM&amp;rft.au=14+January%2C+2010+4%3A07AM&amp;rft.pub=News.com.au&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fbreaking-news%2Fonly-one-hospital-open-in-haitis-quake-hit-capital%2Fstory-e6frfku0-1225819044634&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-freep1-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-freep1_53-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-freep1_53-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-freep1_53-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.freep.com/article/20100114/NEWS07/1140423/1001/news/Haiti-survivors-wait-in-chaos" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haiti survivors wait in chaos | freep.com | Detroit Free Press&quot;</a>. freep.com<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.freep.com/article/20100114/NEWS07/1140423/1001/news/Haiti-survivors-wait-in-chaos" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.freep.com/article/20100114/NEWS07/1140423/1001/news/Haiti-survivors-wait-in-chaos</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Haiti+survivors+wait+in+chaos+%26%23124%3B+freep.com+%26%23124%3B+Detroit+Free+Press&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=freep.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Farticle%2F20100114%2FNEWS07%2F1140423%2F1001%2Fnews%2FHaiti-survivors-wait-in-chaos&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/13/haiti.color/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Photos, texts begin to tell of destruction in Haiti&quot;</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/13/haiti.color/" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/13/haiti.color/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Photos%2C+texts+begin+to+tell+of+destruction+in+Haiti&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2010%2FWORLD%2Famericas%2F01%2F13%2Fhaiti.color%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,582937,00.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Florida College Scrambles for Information on Students in Haiti Fox News Wednesday, 13 January 2010&quot;</a>. Foxnews.com<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,582937,00.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,582937,00.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Florida+College+Scrambles+for+Information+on+Students+in+Haiti+Fox+News+Wednesday%2C+13+January+2010&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=Foxnews.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2F0%2C2933%2C582937%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">Brannigan, Martha (15 January 2010). <a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/news/breaking-news/story/1426067.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haiti seaport damage complicates relief efforts&quot;</a>. <em>The Miami Herald</em> (Miami)<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/news/breaking-news/story/1426067.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.miamiherald.com/news/breaking-news/story/1426067.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Haiti+seaport+damage+complicates+relief+efforts&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&amp;rft.aulast=Brannigan&amp;rft.aufirst=Martha&amp;rft.au=Brannigan%2C%26%2332%3BMartha&amp;rft.date=15+January+2010&amp;rft.place=Miami&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2Fnews%2Fbreaking-news%2Fstory%2F1426067.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://www.apparelnews.net/news/international/011510-Apparel-Makers-Assess-Damages-in-Haiti-and-Organize-Donations" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Apparel Makers Assess Damages in Haiti and Organize Donations&quot;</a>. <em>ApparelNews.net</em>. 15 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.apparelnews.net/news/international/011510-Apparel-Makers-Assess-Damages-in-Haiti-and-Organize-Donations" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.apparelnews.net/news/international/011510-Apparel-Makers-Assess-Damages-in-Haiti-and-Organize-Donations</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Apparel+Makers+Assess+Damages+in+Haiti+and+Organize+Donations&amp;rft.jtitle=ApparelNews.net&amp;rft.date=15+January+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apparelnews.net%2Fnews%2Finternational%2F011510-Apparel-Makers-Assess-Damages-in-Haiti-and-Organize-Donations&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-cpj115-58"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-cpj115_58-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web">Carlos Laur&iacute;a. <a href="http://cpj.org/blog/2010/01/haitian-journalist-describes-scenes-of-death-and-d.php" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haitian journalist describes scenes of death and destruction&quot;</a>. Committee to Protect Journalists<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://cpj.org/blog/2010/01/haitian-journalist-describes-scenes-of-death-and-d.php" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://cpj.org/blog/2010/01/haitian-journalist-describes-scenes-of-death-and-d.php</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 17 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Haitian+journalist+describes+scenes+of+death+and+destruction&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Carlos+Laur%C3%ADa&amp;rft.au=Carlos+Laur%C3%ADa&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BCommittee+to+Protect+Journalists%5D%5D&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcpj.org%2Fblog%2F2010%2F01%2Fhaitian-journalist-describes-scenes-of-death-and-d.php&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-ht117-59"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-ht117_59-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://haitiantimes.com/pages/full_story/push?article-Audiotek+Relocated-+Renamed+Hercule+Studio%20&amp;id=1286862-Audiotek+Relocated-+Renamed+Hercule+Studio&amp;instance=showbiz" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Audiotek Relocated, Renamed Hercule Studio&quot;</a>. <em>Haitian Times</em><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://haitiantimes.com/pages/full_story/push?article-Audiotek+Relocated-+Renamed+Hercule+Studio%20&amp;id=1286862-Audiotek+Relocated-+Renamed+Hercule+Studio&amp;instance=showbiz" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://haitiantimes.com/pages/full_story/push?article-Audiotek+Relocated-+Renamed+Hercule+Studio%20&amp;id=1286862-Audiotek+Relocated-+Renamed+Hercule+Studio&amp;instance=showbiz</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 17 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Audiotek+Relocated%2C+Renamed+Hercule+Studio&amp;rft.jtitle=%5B%5BHaitian+Times%5D%5D&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhaitiantimes.com%2Fpages%2Ffull_story%2Fpush%3Farticle-Audiotek%2BRelocated-%2BRenamed%2BHercule%2BStudio%2520%26id%3D1286862-Audiotek%2BRelocated-%2BRenamed%2BHercule%2BStudio%26instance%3Dshowbiz&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-clinacoo115-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-clinacoo115_60-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-clinacoo115_60-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <span style="font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);" class="languageicon">(French)</span> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://www.clicanoo.com/index.php?id_article=233717&amp;page=article" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Ha&iuml;ti : Un silence assourdissant&quot;</a>. Clicanoo<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.clicanoo.com/index.php?id_article=233717&amp;page=article" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.clicanoo.com/index.php?id_article=233717&amp;page=article</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 17 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Ha%C3%AFti+%3A+Un+silence+assourdissant&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=Clicanoo&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clicanoo.com%2Findex.php%3Fid_article%3D233717%26page%3Darticle&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-cyber113-61"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-cyber113_61-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">Jean-Christophe, Laurence (2010-1-13). <a href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/international/amerique-latine/seisme-en-haiti/201001/13/01-938762-haiti-mort-dun-producteur-vedette.php" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Ha&iuml;ti: mort d&#8217;un producteur-vedette&quot;</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/international/amerique-latine/seisme-en-haiti/201001/13/01-938762-haiti-mort-dun-producteur-vedette.php" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.cyberpresse.ca/international/amerique-latine/seisme-en-haiti/201001/13/01-938762-haiti-mort-dun-producteur-vedette.php</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 17 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Ha%C3%AFti%3A+mort+d%27un+producteur-vedette&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Jean-Christophe&amp;rft.aufirst=Laurence&amp;rft.au=Jean-Christophe%2C%26%2332%3BLaurence&amp;rft.date=2010-1-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyberpresse.ca%2Finternational%2Famerique-latine%2Fseisme-en-haiti%2F201001%2F13%2F01-938762-haiti-mort-dun-producteur-vedette.php&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-62"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://english.cctv.com/program/cctvnews/20100113/103653.shtml" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Dominican Republic feels earthquake in Haiti&quot;</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://english.cctv.com/program/cctvnews/20100113/103653.shtml" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://english.cctv.com/program/cctvnews/20100113/103653.shtml</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Dominican+Republic+feels+earthquake+in+Haiti&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.cctv.com%2Fprogram%2Fcctvnews%2F20100113%2F103653.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-63"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></strong> Charles, Jacqueline, Clark, Lesley, Robles, Frances (14 January 2010). <a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/582/story/1424149.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Supplies begin to arrive in Haiti as aftershocks shake stunned nation</a>, <em>The Miami Herald</em>. Retrieved on 14 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></strong> Watkins, Tom (13 January 2010). <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/13/haiti.construction/index.html?iref=allsearch" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Problems with Haiti building standards outlined</a>, CNN. Retrieved on 14 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-greene-65"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-greene_65-0">^</a></strong> Greene, Richard (14 January 2010). <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/14/haiti.aid.hurdles/index.html?hpt=T2" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Aid workers heading to Haiti fear for their safety</a>, CNN. Retrieved on 14 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-66"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></strong> Ian Rawson, Managing Director, H&ocirc;pital Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles. (Retrieved 17 January 2010) <a href="http://hashaiti.blogspot.com/2010/01/overnight-several-patients-have-died-of.html" rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber">[1]</a></li>
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<li id="cite_note-68"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></strong> Roth, Daniel (16 January 2010). <a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/582/story/1426712-p2.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Tension grows in the border with Dominican Republic as Haitians try to escape</a>, <em>The Miami Herald</em>. Retrieved on 16 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></strong> Romero, Simon, Lacey, Marc (15 January 2010). <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/16/world/americas/16preval.html?hp" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Government Struggles to Exhume Itself</a>, <em>The New York Times</em>. Retrieved on 16 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></strong> Robles, Frances, Charles, Jacqueline (16 January 2010). <a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/582/story/1428427.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Leadership in crisis, relief comes slowly</a>, <em>The Miami Herald</em>. Retrieved on 16 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-71"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1513622820100116?type=marketsNews" rel="nofollow" class="external text">UPDATE 1-US takes control of Haiti airport to speed aid</a>, Reuters (15 January 2010). Retrieved on 16 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-72"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></strong> Charles, Jacqueline, Clark, Lesley, Robles, Frances, Trention, Daniel (14 January 2010). <a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/582/story/1425787.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Massive damage stymies Haiti relief efforts as bodies pile up</a>, <em>The Miami Herald</em>. Retrieved on 14 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-73"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></strong> <a href="http://jta.org/news/article/2010/01/17/1010200/israeli-medical-rescue-workers-help-haitians" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Israeli medical, rescue workers help Haitians</a>, JTA (January 17, 2010). Retrieved on January 17, 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-74"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></strong> Romero, Simon, Lacey, Marc (16 January 2010). <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/17/world/americas/17looting.html?hp" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Looting Flares as Authority Breaks Down</a> , <em>The New York Times</em>. Retrieved on 16 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-fireonlooters-75"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-fireonlooters_75-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">Sherwell in New York, Philip; and Colin Freeman (17 January 2010). <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/7005853/Haiti-earthquake-police-open-fire-on-looters.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haiti earthquake: police open fire on looters&quot;</a>. Telegraph.co.uk<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/7005853/Haiti-earthquake-police-open-fire-on-looters.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/7005853/Haiti-earthquake-police-open-fire-on-looters.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 17 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Haiti+earthquake%3A+police+open+fire+on+looters&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Sherwell+in+New+York&amp;rft.aufirst=Philip&amp;rft.au=Sherwell+in+New+York%2C%26%2332%3BPhilip&amp;rft.au=and+Colin+Freeman&amp;rft.date=17+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Telegraph.co.uk&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fcentralamericaandthecaribbean%2Fhaiti%2F7005853%2FHaiti-earthquake-police-open-fire-on-looters.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-76"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">Sherwell, Philip; and Patrick Sawer (16 January 2010). <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/7005554/Haiti-earthquake-looting-and-gun-fights-break-out.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haiti earthquake: looting and gun-fights break out&quot;</a>. Telegraph.co.uk<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/7005554/Haiti-earthquake-looting-and-gun-fights-break-out.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/7005554/Haiti-earthquake-looting-and-gun-fights-break-out.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 17 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Haiti+earthquake%3A+looting+and+gun-fights+break+out&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Sherwell&amp;rft.aufirst=Philip&amp;rft.au=Sherwell%2C%26%2332%3BPhilip&amp;rft.au=and+Patrick+Sawer&amp;rft.date=16+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Telegraph.co.uk&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fcentralamericaandthecaribbean%2Fhaiti%2F7005554%2FHaiti-earthquake-looting-and-gun-fights-break-out.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-79"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></strong> Cooper, Anderson, Watson, Ivan (15 January 2010). <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/15/haiti.earthquake/?hpt=T1&amp;hpt=T1" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Desperation grows: Mass grave found outside Port-au-Prince</a>, CNN. Retrieved on 16 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-80"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></strong> Lacey, Marc, Cave, Damien (17 January 2010). <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/18/world/americas/18haiti.html?hp" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Haitians Seek Solace Amid the Ruins</a>, <em>The New York Times</em>. Retrieved on 17 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-LeonardJan13-81"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-LeonardJan13_81-0">^</a></strong> Leonard, Tom. <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/6983873/Haiti-earthquake-hundreds-of-thousands-feared-dead.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Haiti earthquake: hundreds of thousands feared dead</a>, <em>The Daily Telegraph</em>, 13 January 2010.</li>
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<li id="cite_note-90"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/mundo/ult94u678541.shtml" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Fundadora da Pastoral da Crian&ccedil;a estava no Haiti durante tremor&quot;</a>. Folha Online. 13 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/mundo/ult94u678541.shtml" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/mundo/ult94u678541.shtml</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Fundadora+da+Pastoral+da+Crian%C3%A7a+estava+no+Haiti+durante+tremor&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Folha+Online&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Ffolha%2Fmundo%2Fult94u678541.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-91"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></strong> <span style="font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);" class="languageicon">(Portuguese)</span><span class="citation web"><a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/mundo/ult94u678541.shtml" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Fundadora da Pastoral da Crian&ccedil;a estava no Haiti durante tremor&quot;</a>. Folha Online. 13 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/mundo/ult94u678541.shtml" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/mundo/ult94u678541.shtml</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Fundadora+da+Pastoral+da+Crian%C3%A7a+estava+no+Haiti+durante+tremor&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Folha+Online&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Ffolha%2Fmundo%2Fult94u678541.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-92"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.sbsun.com/news/ci_14184933" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Charities plead for Haitian aid&quot;</a>. The San Bernardino Sun. Retrieved 16 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-93"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></strong> <a href="http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Haiti-Earthquake-Tensions-Mount-Over-Lack-Of-Aid-As-UN-Launches-Emergency-Appeal/Article/201001315525044?lpos=World_News_Top_Stories_Header_1&amp;lid=ARTICLE_15525044_Haiti_Earthquake%3A_Tensions_Mount_Over_Lack_Of_Aid_As_UN_Launches_Emergency_Appeal_" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Tensions Mount In Haiti Amid Plea For Aid&quot;</a>. SKY News. Retrieved 16 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-94"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/news/world/AP/story/1421495.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Thousands feared dead after powerful Haiti quake&quot;</a>. The Miami Herald. Retrieved 16 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-95"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></strong> <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/12/haiti.aid/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Appeals for aid after quake strikes Haiti&quot;</a>. CNN. 13 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-96"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news">Reuters (3 January 2007). <a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16459449/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Wyclef Jean to be Haiti&rsquo;s roving ambassador&quot;</a>. MSNBC<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16459449/" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16459449/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Wyclef+Jean+to+be+Haiti%E2%80%99s+roving+ambassador&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Reuters&amp;rft.au=Reuters&amp;rft.date=3+January+2007&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BMSNBC%5D%5D&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.msn.com%2Fid%2F16459449%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-98"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.europapress.es/latam/republicadominicana/noticia-haiti-republica-dominicana-envia-haiti-equipos-emergencia-ayudar-rescate-victimas-20100113162157.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Rep&uacute;blica Dominicana env&iacute;a a Hait&iacute; equipos de emergencia para ayudar en el rescate de las v&iacute;ctimas.&quot;</a>. Europapress.es. 18 September 2007<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.europapress.es/latam/republicadominicana/noticia-haiti-republica-dominicana-envia-haiti-equipos-emergencia-ayudar-rescate-victimas-20100113162157.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.europapress.es/latam/republicadominicana/noticia-haiti-republica-dominicana-envia-haiti-equipos-emergencia-ayudar-rescate-victimas-20100113162157.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Rep%C3%BAblica+Dominicana+env%C3%ADa+a+Hait%C3%AD+equipos+de+emergencia+para+ayudar+en+el+rescate+de+las+v%C3%ADctimas.&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=18+September+2007&amp;rft.pub=Europapress.es&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europapress.es%2Flatam%2Frepublicadominicana%2Fnoticia-haiti-republica-dominicana-envia-haiti-equipos-emergencia-ayudar-rescate-victimas-20100113162157.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-99"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&amp;item_no=337312&amp;version=1&amp;template_id=57&amp;parent_id=56" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Qatar joins global relief effort in Haiti&quot;</a>. Gulf times. 15 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&amp;item_no=337312&amp;version=1&amp;template_id=57&amp;parent_id=56" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&amp;item_no=337312&amp;version=1&amp;template_id=57&amp;parent_id=56</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Qatar+joins+global+relief+effort+in+Haiti&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=15+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BGulf+times%5D%5D&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gulf-times.com%2Fsite%2Ftopics%2Farticle.asp%3Fcu_no%3D2%26item_no%3D337312%26version%3D1%26template_id%3D57%26parent_id%3D56&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-101"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.wect.com/Global/story.asp?S=11820975" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;NC soldiers deploy to Haiti in wake of earthquake &ndash; WECT TV6 &ndash; WECT.com &ndash; Wilmington, NC news and weather&quot;</a>. WECT.com. 2 January 2009<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.wect.com/Global/story.asp?S=11820975" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.wect.com/Global/story.asp?S=11820975</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=NC+soldiers+deploy+to+Haiti+in+wake+of+earthquake+%E2%80%93+WECT+TV6+%E2%80%93+WECT.com+%E2%80%93+Wilmington%2C+NC+news+and+weather&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=2+January+2009&amp;rft.pub=WECT.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wect.com%2FGlobal%2Fstory.asp%3FS%3D11820975&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-102"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></strong> Barnes, Julian (15 January 2010). <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation-and-world/la-fg-haiti-pentagon16-2010jan16,0,4508316.story" rel="nofollow" class="external text">U.S. is coming to Haiti&#8217;s aid as fast as it can, Pentagon officials say</a>, <em>The Los Angeles Times</em>. Retrieved on 16 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-103"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web">Bacon, Lance M. (13 January 2010). <a href="http://www.navytimes.com/news/2010/01/navy_vinson_haiti_011310w/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Carl Vinson, 6 Other Ships Headed to Haiti&quot;</a>. Navy Times<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.navytimes.com/news/2010/01/navy_vinson_haiti_011310w/" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.navytimes.com/news/2010/01/navy_vinson_haiti_011310w/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Carl+Vinson%2C+6+Other+Ships+Headed+to+Haiti&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Bacon%2C+Lance+M.&amp;rft.au=Bacon%2C+Lance+M.&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Navy+Times&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navytimes.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2F01%2Fnavy_vinson_haiti_011310w%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-105"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/haitiearthquake" rel="nofollow" class="external text">White House Haiti Earthquake relief</a>, (14 January 2010). Retrieved on 14 January 2010.</li>
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<li id="cite_note-108"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web">Eileen Frere (13 January 2010). <a href="http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=weather/earthquake_center&amp;id=7217433" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Buena Park charity pack supplies for Haiti&quot;</a>. Abclocal.go.com<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=weather/earthquake_center&amp;id=7217433" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=weather/earthquake_center&amp;id=7217433</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Buena+Park+charity+pack+supplies+for+Haiti&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Eileen+Frere&amp;rft.au=Eileen+Frere&amp;rft.date=13+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=Abclocal.go.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabclocal.go.com%2Fkabc%2Fstory%3Fsection%3Dweather%2Fearthquake_center%26id%3D7217433&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-pih1-109"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-pih1_109-0">^</a></strong> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://pih.org/inforesources/news/Haiti_Earthquake.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Trip to Port-au-Prince reveals more of the tragedy&quot;</a>. Partners in Health. 14 January 2010<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://pih.org/inforesources/news/Haiti_Earthquake.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://pih.org/inforesources/news/Haiti_Earthquake.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 14 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Trip+to+Port-au-Prince+reveals+more+of+the+tragedy&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=14+January+2010&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BPartners+in+Health%5D%5D&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpih.org%2Finforesources%2Fnews%2FHaiti_Earthquake.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-110"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://www.un.org/depts/dpko/missions/minustah/facts.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Haiti &#8211; MINUSTAH &#8211; Facts and Figures&quot;</a>. un.org<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.un.org/depts/dpko/missions/minustah/facts.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.un.org/depts/dpko/missions/minustah/facts.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 14 August 2007</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Haiti+-+MINUSTAH+-+Facts+and+Figures&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=un.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fdepts%2Fdpko%2Fmissions%2Fminustah%2Ffacts.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-112"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.disasterscharter.org/web/charter/activation_details?p_r_p_1415474252_assetId=ACT-287" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.disasterscharter.org/web/charter/activation_details?p_r_p_1415474252_assetId=ACT-287</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-113"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/jonathanamos/2010/01/how-satellites-are-being-used.shtml" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/jonathanamos/2010/01/how-satellites-are-being-used.shtml</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-114"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.disasterscharter.org/web/charter/members" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://www.disasterscharter.org/web/charter/members</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-115"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></strong> <a href="http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/science_technology/twitter+search+for+haiti+survivors+/3503342" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Twitter search for Haiti survivors</a> Channel 4 (15 January 2010). Retrieved on 15 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-116"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></strong> <a href="http://miamiherald.typepad.com/poked/2010/01/facebook-users-in-haiti-say-theyre-being-blocke.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Facebook users in Haiti say some access has been blocked</a>, <em>The Miami Herald</em> (14 January 2010). Retrieved on 14 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-117"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></strong> Gross, Doug (14 January 2010). <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/01/15/online.donations.haiti/index.html?hpt=T2" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Social networks, texts boost fundraising</a>, CNN. Retrieved on 14 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-118"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://blog.okfn.org/2010/01/15/open-street-map-community-responds-to-haiti-crisis/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;Open Street Map community responds to Haiti crisis&quot;</a>. Open Konwledge Foundation<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://blog.okfn.org/2010/01/15/open-street-map-community-responds-to-haiti-crisis/" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://blog.okfn.org/2010/01/15/open-street-map-community-responds-to-haiti-crisis/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Open+Street+Map+community+responds+to+Haiti+crisis&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=Open+Konwledge+Foundation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.okfn.org%2F2010%2F01%2F15%2Fopen-street-map-community-responds-to-haiti-crisis%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-119"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://lists.openstreetmap.org/pipermail/talk/2010-January/046993.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;[OSM-talk] GeoEye Haiti imagery Ok&#8217;d&quot;</a>. Mikel Maron<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://lists.openstreetmap.org/pipermail/talk/2010-January/046993.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://lists.openstreetmap.org/pipermail/talk/2010-January/046993.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=%7FUNIQ505204c81a9a829b-nowiki-00000330-QINU%7F&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=Mikel+Maron&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flists.openstreetmap.org%2Fpipermail%2Ftalk%2F2010-January%2F046993.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-120"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></strong> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://lists.openstreetmap.org/pipermail/talk/2010-January/047072.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">&quot;[OSM-talk] Extended GeoEye imagery now available for use on OSM&quot;</a>. &AElig;var Arnfj&ouml;r&eth; Bjarmason<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://lists.openstreetmap.org/pipermail/talk/2010-January/047072.html" rel="nofollow" class="external free">http://lists.openstreetmap.org/pipermail/talk/2010-January/047072.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 16 January 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=%7FUNIQ505204c81a9a829b-nowiki-00000331-QINU%7F&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=%C3%86var+Arnfj%C3%B6r%C3%B0+Bjarmason&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flists.openstreetmap.org%2Fpipermail%2Ftalk%2F2010-January%2F047072.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-122"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></strong> Marrapodi, Eric, Lawrence, Chris, Hall, Rick, Phillips, Rich, Watson, Ivan and Candiotti, Susan (15 January 2010). <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/14/haiti.earthquake/index.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Haitians dig themselves out as quake damage slows outside aid,</a> CNN. Retrieved on 17 January 2010.</li>
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<li id="cite_note-127"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></strong> AFP (17 January 2010). <a href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/medics-report-mass-amputations-in-haiti/story-e6frf7jx-1225820638646" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Medics report mass amputations in Haiti,</a> <em>The Herald Sun</em>. Retrieved on 17 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-128"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></strong> Sheridan, Mary Beth (17 January 2010). <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/17/AR2010011701144.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Patients overwhelm medical teams at Haiti clinics</a>, <em>The Washington Post</em>. Retrieved on 17 January 2010.</li>
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<li id="cite_note-161"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></strong> <span style="font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);" class="languageicon">(Portuguese)</span>Scofield Jr., Gilberto (17 January 2010). <a href="http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/mat/2010/01/16/descoordenacao-atrapalha-ajuda-vitimas-do-terremoto-no-haiti-915543121.asp" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Descoordena&ccedil;&atilde;o atrapalha ajuda a v&iacute;timas do terremoto no Haiti</a>, <em>O Globo</em>. Retrieved on 17 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-162"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></strong> Morris, Harvey (17 January 2010). <a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/558f15be-038b-11df-a601-00144feabdc0.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Haiti airport delays blamed on US,</a> <em>Financial Times</em>. Retrieved on 17 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-163"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></strong> AFP (16 January 2010). <span style="font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);" class="languageicon">(French)</span> <a href="http://www.liberation.fr/monde/0101614140-la-france-citique-la-gestion-de-l-aeroport-de-port-au-prince" rel="nofollow" class="external text">La France critique la gestion de l&#8217;a&eacute;roport de Port-au-Prince</a>, <em>Lib&eacute;ration</em>. Retrieved on 17 January 2010.</li>
<li id="cite_note-164"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></strong> <span style="font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);" class="languageicon">(Portuguese)</span>Fernandes, Adriana (17 January 2010). <a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/estadaodehoje/20100117/not_imp496977,0.php" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Brasil pedir&aacute; que ONU defina pap&eacute;is</a>, <em>O Estado de S. Paulo</em>. Retrieved on 17 January 2010.</li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table border="0" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);" class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Search Wikinews"><img height="23" width="40" alt="Search Wikinews" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" /></a></td>
<td class="mbox-text">Wikinews has related news: <em><strong><a href="http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="wikinews:Category:2010 Haiti earthquake" class="extiw">Category:2010 Haiti earthquake</a></strong></em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="0" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);" class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small">
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<td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Search Wikimedia Commons"><img height="40" width="30" alt="Search Wikimedia Commons" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" /></a></td>
<td class="mbox-text">Wikimedia Commons has media related to: <em><strong><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="commons:Category:2010 Haiti earthquake" class="extiw">2010 Haiti earthquake</a></strong></em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<dl>
<dt>Emergency aid</dt>
</dl>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.ifrc.org/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/haiti" rel="nofollow" class="external text">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Doctors Without Borders</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.dec.org.uk/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Disasters Emergency Committee</a> umbrella organisation for 13 UK aid agencies coordinating the appeal in the UK</li>
<li><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/jan/14/haiti-quake-aid-pledges-country-donations" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Haiti earthquake aid pledged by country</a>, <em>DataBlog</em> at <em>The Guardian</em> with data spreadsheet downloads, visualizations and mashups</li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>Contacting friends and relatives in Haiti</dt>
</dl>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.icrc.org/web/doc/siterfl0.nsf/htmlall/familylinks-haiti-eng?opendocument" rel="nofollow" class="external text">International Committee of the Red Cross Family Links webpage</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.nokr.org" rel="nofollow" class="external text">US National Next of Kin Registry (NOKR) Emergency Contact Registry</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ireport.com/ir-topic-stories.jspa?topicId=381628" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Looking for loved ones in Haiti</a> from <em>CNN</em> (photo and message database)</li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>News and pictures</dt>
</dl>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.dmoz.org/Science/Earth_Sciences/Natural_Disasters_and_Hazards/Earthquakes/Past_Earthquakes/Haiti_2010/News_and_Media/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">2010 Haiti Earthquake News and Media</a> at the Open Directory Project</li>
<li><a href="http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/minustah/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/37913760@N03/sets/72157623209524550/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">UNDP photo gallery from Haiti on Flickr</a></li>
<li><a href="http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2010/01/haiti-imagery-layer-now-available.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Latest Geo-Eye satellite imagery</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/dfait-maeci/sets/72157623209434058/with/4274106575/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Department of National Defence images on Flickr</a></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>Population and geographic information</dt>
</dl>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.geoint-online.net/community/haitiearthquake/default.aspx" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Haiti Earthquake &#8211; US Census Population Data</a> maps and data from the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency</li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>Earthquake science links</dt>
</dl>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">USGS page for this event</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.uwiseismic.com/Downloads/2010_01_HaitiEQ_FAQ2c.pdf" rel="nofollow" class="external text">University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre &#8211; FAQ on Haiti Earthquake and implications for wider Caribbean</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.usgs.gov/corecast/details.asp?ep=117" rel="nofollow" class="external text">USGS scientist discusses this event</a></li>
<li><a href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/faq/" rel="nofollow" class="external text">Frequently asked questions about earthquakes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/doc/misc/special/special.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">List of Historical earthquakes</a>, International Seismological Centre (ISC)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.agc.army.mil/Haiti/index.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text">US Army Corps of Engineers, Army Geospatial Center</a></li>
</ul>
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<p><span style="font-size: 110%;"><strong class="selflink">2010 Haiti earthquake</strong></span></p>
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<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td colspan="2" style="" class="navbox-abovebelow">Humanitarian response (by national governments)<span style="font-weight: bold;"> &middot;</span> Rescue efforts<span style="font-weight: bold;"> &middot;</span> Casualties</td>
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<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td style="" class="navbox-group">Regions affected</td>
<td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
<div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;">Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Haiti &ndash;</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Ouest: Port-au-Prince Arrondissement (Port-au-Prince <strong>&middot;</strong></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">P&eacute;tionville <strong>&middot;</strong></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Carrefour <strong>&middot;</strong></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Gressier) <strong>&middot;</strong></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">L&eacute;og&acirc;ne Arrondissement (L&eacute;og&acirc;ne <strong>&middot;</strong></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Petit-Go&acirc;ve) &mdash;</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Sud-Est: Jacmel Arrondissement (Jacmel)</span></div>
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<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td style="" class="navbox-group">Damaged facilities</td>
<td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even">
<div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;">Christopher Hotel (MINUSTAH) <strong>&middot;</strong> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Holy Trinity (Episcopal) Cathedral <strong>&middot;</strong></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">H&ocirc;tel Montana <strong>&middot;</strong></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Presidential Palace <strong>&middot;</strong></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">National Assembly <strong>&middot;</strong></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Notre-Dame (Catholic) Cathedral <strong>&middot;</strong></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Toussaint Louverture International Airport</span></div>
</td>
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<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<tr>
<td style="" class="navbox-group">Casualties</td>
<td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
<div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;">Georges Anglade<span style="font-weight: bold;"> &middot;</span> H&eacute;di Annabi<span style="font-weight: bold;"> &middot;</span> Zilda Arns<span style="font-weight: bold;"> &middot;</span> Luiz Carlos da Costa <span style="font-weight: bold;"> &middot;</span> Paul Denis<span style="font-weight: bold;"> &middot;</span> Rev. Sam Dixon<span style="font-weight: bold;"> &middot;</span> Michel Gaillard<span style="font-weight: bold;"> &middot;</span> Jimmy O<span style="font-weight: bold;"> &middot;</span> Msgr. Joseph Serge Miot</div>
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		<title>A Message To Garcia by Elbert Hubbard</title>
		<link>http://www.joelbomane.com/message-garcia-elbert-hubbard/</link>
		<comments>http://www.joelbomane.com/message-garcia-elbert-hubbard/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2009 07:20:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Joel Bomane</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[1. History]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Elbert Hubbard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jerry Garcia]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Message To Garcia]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[









A Message to Garcia
is an inspirational essay written by Elbert Hubbard that has been made into two motion pictures.
It was originally published as a filler without a title in the March, 1899 issue of the Philistine magazine which he edited, but was quickly reprinted as a pamphlet and a book.
It was wildly popular, selling over [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><script src="http://www.gmodules.com/ig/ifr?url=http://www.google.com/ig/modules/translatemypage.xml&amp;up_source_language=en&amp;w=160&amp;h=60&amp;title=&amp;border=&amp;output=js"></script></p>
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<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Elbert_Hubbard_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_12933.jpg"><img title="Elbert Hubbard" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Elbert_Hubbard_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_12933.jpg/300px-Elbert_Hubbard_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_12933.jpg" alt="Elbert Hubbard" width="300" height="372" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd zemanta-img-attribution" style="font-size: 0.8em;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Elbert_Hubbard_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_12933.jpg"></a>
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<p><em><strong><a class="zem_slink" title="A Message to Garcia" rel="amazon" href="http://www.amazon.com/Message-Garcia-Elbert-Hubbard/dp/159986942X%3FSubscriptionId%3D0G81C5DAZ03ZR9WH9X82%26tag%3Dzemanta-20%26linkCode%3Dxm2%26camp%3D2025%26creative%3D165953%26creativeASIN%3D159986942X">A Message to Garcia</a></strong></em></p>
<p>is an inspirational <a title="Essay" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essay">essay</a> written by <a title="Elbert Hubbard" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbert_Hubbard">Elbert Hubbard</a><sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Message_to_Garcia#cite_note-0"><span> </span></a></sup>that has been made into two <a class="mw-redirect" title="Motion pictures" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_pictures">motion pictures</a>.</p>
<p>It was originally published as a filler without a title in the March, 1899 issue of the <em>Philistine</em> magazine which he edited, but was quickly reprinted as a pamphlet and a book.</p>
<p>It was wildly popular, selling over 40 million copies,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Message_to_Garcia#cite_note-1"><span> </span></a></sup>and being translated into 37 languages. It also became a well-known allusion in American popular and <a title="Business" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business">business</a> culture until the middle of the twentieth century.  The essay celebrates the initiative of a soldier who is assigned and accomplishes a daunting mission.  He asks no questions, makes no objections, requests no help, but accomplishes the mission.  <strong><em></em></strong> <strong><em></em></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>A Message To <a class="zem_slink" title="Jerry Garcia" rel="homepage" href="http://www.jerrygarcia.com">Garcia</a></em>,</strong> was written one evening after supper, in a single hour.</p>
<p>It was on the 22nd of February, 1899</p>
<p><strong>1899</strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: x-large;">A Message to Garcia</span> <em>By Elbert Hubbard</em></p>
<p>In all this Cuban business there is one man stands out on the horizon of my memory like <a class="zem_slink" title="Mars" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars">Mars</a> at perihelion. When war broke out between <a class="zem_slink" title="Spain" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=40.4333333333,-3.7&amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;q=40.4333333333,-3.7%20%28Spain%29&amp;t=h">Spain</a> &amp; the <a class="zem_slink" title="United States" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=38.8833333333,-77.0166666667&amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;q=38.8833333333,-77.0166666667%20%28United%20States%29&amp;t=h">United States</a>, it was very necessary to communicate quickly with the leader of the Insurgents.</p>
<p>Garcia was somewhere in the mountain vastness of <a class="zem_slink" title="Cuba" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=23.1333333333,-82.3833333333&amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;q=23.1333333333,-82.3833333333%20%28Cuba%29&amp;t=h">Cuba</a>- no one knew where. No mail nor telegraph message could reach him. The President must secure his cooperation, and quickly.  What to do!  Some one said to the President, &#8220;There’s a fellow by the name of Rowan will find Garcia for you, if anybody can.</p>
<p>&#8221;  Rowan was sent for and given a letter to be delivered to Garcia.  How &#8220;the fellow by the name of Rowan&#8221; took the letter, sealed it up in an oil-skin pouch, strapped it over his heart, in four days landed by night off the coast of Cuba from an open boat, disappeared into the jungle, &amp; in three weeks came out on the other side of the Island, having traversed a hostile country on foot, and delivered his letter to Garcia, are things I have no special desire now to tell in detail.</p>
<p>The point I wish to make is this: <a class="zem_slink" title="William McKinley" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley">McKinley</a> gave Rowan a letter to be delivered to Garcia; Rowan took the letter and did not ask, &#8220;Where is he at?&#8221; By the Eternal! there is a man whose form should be cast in deathless bronze and the statue placed in every college of the land.</p>
<p>It is not book-learning young men need, nor instruction about this and that, but a stiffening of the vertebrae which will cause them to be loyal to a trust, to act promptly, concentrate their energies: do the thing- &#8220;Carry a message to Garcia!&#8221;  General Garcia is dead now, but there are other Garcias.</p>
<p>No man, who has endeavored to carry out an enterprise where many hands were needed, but has been well nigh appalled at times by the imbecility of the average man- the inability or unwillingness to concentrate on a thing and do it.  Slip-shod assistance, foolish inattention, dowdy indifference, &amp; half-hearted work seem the rule; and no man succeeds, unless by hook or crook, or threat, he forces or bribes other men to assist him; or mayhap, God in His goodness performs a miracle, &amp; sends him an Angel of Light for an assistant.</p>
<p>You, reader, put this matter to a test: You are sitting now in your office- six clerks are within call.  Summon any one and make this request: &#8220;Please look in the encyclopedia and make a brief memorandum for me concerning the life of Correggio&#8221;.  Will the clerk quietly say, &#8220;Yes, sir,&#8221; and go do the task?  On your life, he will not.</p>
<p>He will look at you out of a fishy eye and ask one or more of the following questions:  Who was he?  Which encyclopedia?  Where is the encyclopedia?  Was I hired for that?  Don’t you mean Bismarck?  What’s the matter with Charlie doing it?  Is he dead?  Is there any hurry?  Shan’t I bring you the book and let you look it up yourself?  What do you want to know for?</p>
<p>And I will lay you ten to one that after you have answered the questions, and explained how to find the information, and why you want it, the clerk will go off and get one of the other clerks to help him try to find Garcia- and then come back and tell you there is no such man. Of course I may lose my bet, but according to the Law of Average, I will not.</p>
<p>Now if you are wise you will not bother to explain to your &#8220;assistant&#8221; that Correggio is indexed under the C’s, not in the K’s, but you will smile sweetly and say, &#8220;Never mind,&#8221; and go look it up yourself.  And this incapacity for independent action, this moral stupidity, this infirmity of the will, this unwillingness to cheerfully catch hold and lift, are the things that put pure Socialism so far into the future.</p>
<p>If men will not act for themselves, what will they do when the benefit of their effort is for all? A first-mate with knotted club seems necessary; and the dread of getting &#8220;the bounce&#8221; Saturday night, holds many a worker to his place.  Advertise for a stenographer, and nine out of ten who apply, can neither spell nor punctuate- and do not think it necessary to.  Can such a one write a letter to Garcia?</p>
<p>&#8220;You see that bookkeeper,&#8221; said the foreman to me in a large factory.  &#8220;Yes, what about him?&#8221;  &#8220;Well he’s a fine accountant, but if I’d send him up town on an errand, he might accomplish the errand all right, and on the other hand, might stop at four saloons on the way, and when he got to Main Street, would forget what he had been sent for.</p>
<p><strong>&#8220;Can such a man be entrusted to carry a message to Garcia?</strong></p>
<p>We have recently been hearing much maudlin sympathy expressed for the &#8220;downtrodden denizen of the sweat-shop&#8221; and the &#8220;homeless wanderer searching for honest employment,&#8221; &amp; with it all often go many hard words for the men in power.</p>
<p>Nothing is said about the employer who grows old before his time in a vain attempt to get frowsy ne’er-do-wells to do intelligent work; and his long patient striving with &#8220;help&#8221; that does nothing but loaf when his back is turned.</p>
<p>In every store and factory there is a constant weeding-out process going on.  The employer is constantly sending away &#8220;help&#8221; that have shown their incapacity to further the interests of the business, and others are being taken on. No matter how good times are, this sorting continues, only if times are hard and work is scarce, the sorting is done finer- but out and forever out, the incompetent and unworthy go.</p>
<p>It is the <a class="zem_slink" title="Survival of the fittest" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_of_the_fittest">survival of the fittest</a>.  Self-interest prompts every employer to keep the best- those who can carry a message to Garcia.  I know one man of really brilliant parts who has not the ability to manage a business of his own, and yet who is absolutely worthless to any one else, because he carries with him constantly the insane suspicion that his employer is oppressing, or intending to oppress him.</p>
<p>He cannot give orders; and he will not receive them.  Should a message be given him to take to Garcia, his answer would probably be, &#8220;Take it yourself.&#8221;  Tonight this man walks the streets looking for work, the wind whistling through his threadbare coat.</p>
<p>No one who knows him dare employ him, for he is a regular fire-brand of discontent.  He is impervious to reason, and the only thing that can impress him is the toe of a thick-soled No. 9 boot.  Of course I know that one so morally deformed is no less to be pitied than a physical cripple; but in our pitying, let us drop a tear, too, for the men who are striving to carry on a great enterprise, whose working hours are not limited by the whistle, and whose hair is fast turning white through the struggle to hold in line dowdy indifference, slip-shod imbecility, and the heartless ingratitude, which, but for their enterprise, would be both hungry &amp; homeless.</p>
<p>Have I put the matter too strongly? Possibly I have; but when all the world has gone a-slumming I wish to speak a word of sympathy for the man who succeeds- the man who, against great odds has directed the efforts of others, and having succeeded, finds there’s nothing in it: nothing but bare board and clothes.</p>
<p>I have carried a dinner pail &amp; worked for day’s wages, and I have also been an employer of labor, and I know there is something to be said on both sides. There is no excellence, per se, in poverty; rags are no recommendation; &amp; all employers are not rapacious and high-handed, any more than all poor men are virtuous.</p>
<p>My heart goes out to the man who does his work when the &#8220;boss&#8221; is away, as well as when he is at home. And the man who, when given a letter for Garcia, quietly take the missive, without asking any idiotic questions, and with no lurking intention of chucking it into the nearest sewer, or of doing aught else but deliver it, never gets &#8220;laid off,&#8221; nor has to go on a strike for higher wages.  Civilization is one long anxious search for just such individuals.</p>
<p>Anything such a man asks shall be granted; his kind is so rare that no employer can afford to let him go. He is wanted in every city, town and village- in every office, shop, store and factory.</p>
<p>The world cries out for such: he is needed, &amp; needed badly- the man who can carry a message to Garcia.</p>
<p>THE END-  <strong></strong></p>
<p><strong>Richard St. John&#8217;s</strong> &#8220;<a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/richard_st_john_s_8_secrets_of_success.html">8 secrets of success&#8221; </a>on <a href="http://www.ted.com">TED.COM</a>:</p>
<p><strong>French</strong> version<a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/fre_fr/richard_st_john_s_8_secrets_of_success.html"> click here </a>by Joel Bomane Ted Translator.</p>
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		<title>Dr. Kevin Hogan on The Law of Attraction</title>
		<link>http://www.joelbomane.com/the-law-of-attraction/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 23 May 2009 16:39:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Joel Bomane</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[







Today I want to share with you, a very interesting even
 controversial point of view concerning &#8220;The Law of Attraction&#8221; 
 as seen in the movie &#8220;The Secret&#8220;
This article was written by Kevin Hogan Psy.D
Kevin who is a very friendly person, granted me permission to reproduce this article here.
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;
19/02/07 &#8211; Coffee w/ Kevin Hogan- Lie [...]]]></description>
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<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Secret-Extended-Rhonda-Byrne/dp/B000K8LV1O%3FSubscriptionId%3D0G81C5DAZ03ZR9WH9X82%26tag%3Dzemanta-20%26linkCode%3Dxm2%26camp%3D2025%26creative%3D165953%26creativeASIN%3DB000K8LV1O"><img title="" src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41HrC6HQ%2BwL._SL200_.jpg" alt="" width="140" height="200"></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd zemanta-img-attribution" style="font-size: 0.8em;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Secret-Extended-Rhonda-Byrne/dp/B000K8LV1O%3FSubscriptionId%3D0G81C5DAZ03ZR9WH9X82%26tag%3Dzemanta-20%26linkCode%3Dxm2%26camp%3D2025%26creative%3D165953%26creativeASIN%3DB000K8LV1O"></a></dd>
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<p><script src="http://www.gmodules.com/ig/ifr?url=http://www.google.com/ig/modules/translatemypage.xml&amp;up_source_language=en&amp;w=160&amp;h=60&amp;title=&amp;border=&amp;output=js"></script>Today I want to share with you, a very interesting even<br />
 <strong>controversial point of view </strong>concerning <strong>&#8220;The <a class="zem_slink" title="Law of Attraction" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Attraction">Law of Attraction</a>&#8221; </strong><br />
 as seen in<strong> the movie &#8220;<a class="zem_slink" title="The Secret (Extended Edition)" rel="amazon" href="http://www.amazon.com/Secret-Extended-Rhonda-Byrne/dp/B000K8LV1O%3FSubscriptionId%3D0G81C5DAZ03ZR9WH9X82%26tag%3Dzemanta-20%26linkCode%3Dxm2%26camp%3D2025%26creative%3D165953%26creativeASIN%3DB000K8LV1O">The Secret</a>&#8220;</strong></p>
<p><strong>This article was written by Kevin Hogan Psy.D</strong></p>
<p><strong>Kevin</strong> who is a very friendly person,<strong> granted me permission to reproduce this article here.</strong></p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p>
<p>19/02/07 &#8211; Coffee w/ Kevin Hogan- Lie Behind The Secret, Rejection, Q n A, Lost</p>
<p><strong>Your Questions Answered!</strong></p>
<p>My Question is&#8230;<strong>Have you seen the movie &#8220;The Secret&#8221;? If so, what did you think of it?</strong> I think that it has many potentially devastating ideas in it, under the guise of being helpful.</p>
<p><strong>My Question is&#8230;What&#8217;s your opinion of &#8216;The Law of Attraction&#8217;?</strong></p>
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<p><strong>The Secret&#8230;The Truth Behind the Lie</strong><br />
 <strong>by Kevin Hogan</strong></p>
<p>&#8230;<strong>and the first truth is.</strong>.. that<strong> God is not a <a class="zem_slink" title="Slot machine" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slot_machine">Slot Machine</a>.</strong></p>
<p><strong>The new book, The Secret, by <a class="zem_slink" title="Rhonda Byrne" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhonda_Byrne">Rhonda Byrne</a></strong> is an encapsulization of a recurring and sadly destructive wish for magic, to be real.</p>
<p><strong>Shoot,  to everyone wants to be able to play Quidditch.</strong> We all have hoped for potions and spells to be effective at rendering a teacher or professor silent for a day&#8230;we all want to be able to fight off evil dementors&#8230;</p>
<p>It&#8217;s the simple notion that you can blink your eyes or wiggle your nose and that which you desire will appear&#8230;.that <a class="zem_slink" title="Santa Claus" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Claus">Santa Claus</a> really will come down the chimney&#8230;(and if anyone wanted to believe that&#8230;it would be me) &#8230;the simple notion that these things are real is where things start to get scary&#8230;offensively terrifying.</p>
<p>If the devastation that goes along with such a book weren&#8217;t so huge, I would just write it off as silly, ridiculous or cute. But because the book is destructive, I can&#8217;t go there. This article refers specifically to Byrne&#8217;s contribution to her own book. Some of the contributors gave useful content (Denis Waitley for example). But Ms. Byrne is living in a scary non-reality.</p>
<p><strong>The Magical &#8220;Law of Attraction&#8221;</strong><br />
 The premise of the philosophy is the &#8220;Law of Attraction.&#8221; The idea is that if you can mentally attract it, it will come. &#8220;It&#8217;s just as easy to attract $10,000 as it is $1,&#8221; the author says.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, that is either a cruel lie or a deadly mistake. That statement is neither correct nor true.</p>
<p>God is *not* a slot machine.</p>
<p>He doesn&#8217;t withhold the money from the people of the African continent because they are unable to &#8220;believe enough&#8221;, nor does he bless the Americans (or Australians) because they believe so much better.</p>
<p><strong>The &#8220;Law of Attraction&#8221;</strong> as it is presented in metaphysical literature like The Secret is indeed a lie and a mistake.</p>
<p><strong>The Attraction Principle</strong></p>
<p>The Attraction Principle, on the other hand, is rock solid science. The Attraction Principle is about &#8220;priming.&#8221; It&#8217;s complex inside the brain, but it&#8217;s fairly simple in principle: If you &#8220;filter&#8221; for something, you&#8217;re more likely to see it.</p>
<p>So, if I tell you to be aware (or not be aware) of the number 23 this week, I promise you will notice it&#8230;.far more often than you will have dreamed possible. 23.</p>
<p>The importance of the Attraction Principle is that our primed awareness IS relevant to our achievement and success in life. In fact, it&#8217;s paramount to both.</p>
<p><strong>However, it is by no means a law.</strong></p>
<p>I only could wish that were true&#8230;.</p>
<p>If I&#8217;m in <a class="zem_slink" title="Ethiopia" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=9.01666666667,38.7333333333&amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;q=9.01666666667,38.7333333333%20%28Ethiopia%29&amp;t=h">Ethiopia</a>, I can &#8220;attract&#8221; all the food, water, and AIDS vaccines I &#8220;believe in&#8221;, and I will die right next to the other million children.</p>
<p>That is where the Attraction Principle (that I&#8217;ve written about for a decade) is so fundamental. If there is no food in the environment or possibility it will come, the brain still filters for it, it just isn&#8217;t &#8220;findable&#8221; because it is not there.</p>
<p>In fact, I would challenge the promoters and authors of The Secret, promoters of the so-called &#8220;Law of Attraction&#8221;, to hop a bus or train or plane to Somalia, with stops in Ethiopia and see just how unattractive they and their law are.<br />
 Were that it could be true.</p>
<p>But this is one of the greatest deceptions.</p>
<p>So the promoters sit next to the dying child in Somalia and say, &#8220;no, no, no believe harder.&#8221; &#8220;Do it.&#8221;</p>
<p>And she closes her eyes and dies.</p>
<p>She couldn&#8217;t believe well enough, efficiently enough, hard enough&#8230;.</p>
<p>Bull**it.</p>
<p>That child like all children doesn&#8217;t know what reality is.</p>
<p>Children believe what we tell them.</p>
<p>And they die right next to the adults who believed the purveyor&#8217;s of deadly guilt.</p>
<p><strong>And they ALL deserve to LIVE.</strong></p>
<p>Well, the author and promoters of the &#8220;Law of Attraction&#8221;, come to the conclusion that the BILLION people that are in <a class="zem_slink" title="Africa" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa">Africa</a> have earned the right to starve to death, as they do not believe. They refused to accept the $10,000 as readily as the $1.</p>
<p>They don&#8217;t feel guilt, because, of course, according to their guess, the Africans have attracted the life they were meant to have. Past life, a lesson, something they must learn.</p>
<p>Thank God the author has a limo.</p>
<p>Thank God the promoters have private jets.</p>
<p>And they fly over to <a class="zem_slink" title="China" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=35.0,105.0&amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;q=35.0,105.0%20%28China%29&amp;t=h">China</a> on the jets.</p>
<p>Smoggy and bustling cities. Impoverished in the rural. Another BILLION people. 500 million of which will rot away&#8230;</p>
<p>The &#8220;Law of Attractioners&#8221; come to the village but because the 500 million can&#8217;t believe enough or effectively enough, they all rot away as well&#8230;</p>
<p>Back to the private jets and this time off to <a class="zem_slink" title="Cuba" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=23.1333333333,-82.3833333333&amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;q=23.1333333333,-82.3833333333%20%28Cuba%29&amp;t=h">Cuba</a> where the poverty isn&#8217;t as bad as Africa. These people have shacks at least, and, typically, water. Millions of them.</p>
<p>The &#8220;Law of Attractioners&#8221; have lunch on the jet before landing because there is no good food to attract.</p>
<p>They spend the day teaching the impoverished Cubans how to use &#8220;the Force&#8221; like Yoda, but the Cubans are as &#8220;stupid&#8221; as the Africans and Chinese were. These damn non-<a class="zem_slink" title="English language" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language">English</a> speaking people&#8230;</p>
<p>No attraction today. No $10,000. No $1. Nothing.</p>
<p>Back to the plane.</p>
<p>Off to California where people have the decency to speak English. A stop at my little friend Kirk&#8217;s house in Clovis.</p>
<p>Kirk is a real life Kindergarten-age kid that isn&#8217;t going to Kindergarten.</p>
<p>Because of a stroke he suffered as an infant, he can barely move his body. Barely smile. Thanks to stem cell therapy he can do those two things. He&#8217;ll get a couple of more treatments, but the &#8220;Law of Attractioners&#8221; have to tell his parents that this is what they have &#8220;attracted into your life.&#8221;</p>
<p>The little boy is destined, fated to have this life.</p>
<p>But to heck with the fact the little boy can&#8217;t talk beyond a couple of drooling words.</p>
<p>That&#8217;s his destiny.</p>
<p>How about the $10,000 here?</p>
<p>Sorry family, Mom has to stay home all day to take care of the boy. There will be no $10,000 attracted every month for 5 years for treatments.</p>
<p>The &#8220;Law of Attractioners&#8221; teach the family how to attract. They hold their Yoda-like hands out, close their eyes and believe. They are convinced&#8230;they are faithful&#8230;they are positive&#8230;</p>
<p>&#8230;but nothing comes.</p>
<p>&#8230;only more pain and tears.</p>
<p>The &#8220;Law of Attractioners&#8221; tell them they have attracted this life. It&#8217;s their destiny. They didn&#8217;t believe right&#8230;much like the Africans, the Chinese, Cubans&#8230;</p>
<p>Except all of them did believe. They bought into the story and now have been left to die with guilt instead of simply starving to death, had the &#8220;Law of Attractioners&#8221; left with them alone on their way out of the country.</p>
<p>Ah&#8230;and then we go to dinner with the &#8220;Law of Attractioners&#8221;&#8230;perhaps in Hollywood where the book is selling very well indeed&#8230;where people believe and receive&#8230;.<br />
 They order dinner but it never comes because the kids in the back are all manifesting away&#8230;believing that they will not need to work tonight and will certainly have the money on the table in the morning&#8230;and will have no need to do something as hard as save for college&#8230;.the school work doesn&#8217;t need to be studied because attracting $10,000 is as easy as $1 and they apply the simple law to their homework.</p>
<p>Except&#8230; they fail the test. They end up on the street because they believed a little too much and did a little too little&#8230;</p>
<p>&#8230;and no dinner was served.</p>
<p>&#8230;but it doesn&#8217;t matter&#8230;it wasn&#8217;t meant to be&#8230;irritated the Attractioners depart and are happy to hop in the limo and go home to a delightful gourmet dinner that they attracted last week, cooked because they thought it (and because Jose cooked it.)</p>
<p>&#8230;they fall asleep thankful&#8230;being blessed that they believed&#8230;in the &#8220;Law of Attraction&#8221; and knowing that for the billions of others they taught, it simply wasn&#8217;t meant to be. Those that starve, that die of dyssentery&#8230;it doesn&#8217;t matter because it was their destiny. All is as it is supposed to be as they turn over and fall asleep&#8230;as they have an afternoon taping of the next TV show where they will go and harm and permanently scar another million lives with the belief in the magical &#8220;Law of Attraction&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.</p>
<p>if there is anyone you know that has the ability to heal cancer, cool global warming, attract profound wealth (or even a little) with only their mind, please feel free to NOT write, YET, but better, please help them find their way to the local Children&#8217;s Hospital. Please don&#8217;t tell anyone why the visit&#8230; Simply heal the kids that are dying and attract in money for the medical bills given to the parents for those who are not.</p>
<p>THEN please do write and let me know about the multiple healings the person has performed and where they will be tomorrow, for I will be there too, to observe and report back to the world, to CNN and ABC and FOX and the BBC&#8230;.</p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<p>Note: Kevin is the author of twelve books, including,<br />
 The Science of Influence, The Psychology of Persuasion<br />
 and Irresistible Attraction.</p>
<p>He is often called the &#8220;go to&#8221; influence and persuasion consultant.<br />
 He has shared his body language expertise and specialized knowledge in persuasion and influence with the New York Times, CNN, the BBC, Fox Television, and dozens of poplular magazines like Cosmopolitan, First for Women, Woman&#8217;s World, Playboy, Women&#8217;s Own, Redbook, King, Maxim, Stuff, Selling Power and others.</p>
<p>For more info:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.kevinhogan.com">http://www.kevinhogan.com</a></p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p>
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